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. 2020 Aug 29;12(9):957. doi: 10.3390/v12090957

Table 1.

Clinical symptoms that were observed in documented ILHV human cases.

Country, Year Number of Cases Clinical Symptoms Diagnostic Tests Performed Reference
USA, 1950 19
  • -

    Experimental infection in cancer patients for the clinical characterization of the ILHV infection. Viremia was observed in 9 out of the 19 patients. Fever, malaise, muscle pain, lethargy, somnolence, and mild encephalitis was observed in three out of the nine symptomatic patients.

 Blood and serology testing (HI, CF, mouse neutralization test) [50]
Brazil, 1957–1959 2
  • -

    Male, presented with a fever, headache, dizziness, muscle pain, and weakness.

  • -

    Female, presented with headache, dizziness, muscle and joint pain and weakness, photophobia, and nausea.

 Blood and serology testing (HI, CF, mouse neutralization test) [8]
Trinidad, 1955–1957 3
  • -

    37-year-old female, presented with a fever, headache, photophobia, joint and muscle pain, nausea, cough, constipation, and transient neurological involvement (diplopia).

  • -

    18-year-old male, asymptomatic infection.

  • -

    A 22-year-old male presented with acute febrile syndrome (fever, malaise, and chills).

 Blood and serology testing (HI, CF, mouse neutralization test) [15]
Panama, 1964 1
  • -

    Male, presented with fever and headache.

 Blood and serology testing (HI) [16]
Colombia, 1966 1
  • -

    28-year-old male, asymptomatic whose serum was obtained during an epidemiologic study of a series of suspected cases of infectious hepatitis in a penal colony.

 Blood and serology testing (HI, CF, mouse neutralization test) [14]
French Guiana, 1973 1
  • -

    Male, presented with mild “dengue-like” syndrome.

 Blood and serology testing (HI, CF) [13]
Brazil, 1995 5 *
  • -

    24-year-old male, presented with syndrome fever, vomiting, headache, diarrhea, dry cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. The patient also presented with swollen ganglia in the axillary, cervical, inguinal, and epitrochlear regions.

  • -

    22-year-old male, presented with a fever, myalgia, arthralgia, cough, polyuria, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

  • -

    22-year-old male, presented with a fever and a dry cough.

  • -

    20-year-old male, presented with a fever, diarrhea, somnolence, dizziness, tremors, dysarthria, ataxia, headache, mental confusion, facial paralysis, strabismus, and viral encephalitis.

  • -

    72-year-old male, presented with a fever, sweating, cramps, hepatomegaly, headache, adynamia, anorexia, and papulolenticular exanthema.

 Blood and serology testing (HI, CF, mouse neutralization test) [48]
Ecuador, 2004 1
  • -

    20-year-old male, presented with a fever, rash, epistaxis, headache, myalgia, retroocular pain, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, sore throat, and abdominal pain.

 Blood work [12]
Bolivia, 2005 1
  • -

    15-year-old male, presented with a fever, malaise, asthenia, conjunctival injection, rash, arthralgia, myalgia, abdominal pain, headache, and earache. No signs of cardiac, neurological, or renal damage were detected.

 Blood, molecular (RT-PCR) and serology (IgM ELISA) testing [19]
Brazil, 2017 1
  • -

    68-year-old male, presented with right hemiplegia, aphasia, dysarthria, deviation of the left lip rhyme, and viral encephalitis.

 Molecular testing of CSF (qPCR) Present paper

Abbreviations: HI—hemagglutination inhibition, CF—complement fixation, RT-PCR—reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, IgM ELISA—immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (*) Although the virus was isolated from the serum of each patient, it was not sequenced for confirmation.