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Inhibition of binding of the P domains of human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.4 (A) or GII.17 (B) to A- or O-type saliva by the fucoidans of Laminaria japonica (LJ), Undaria pinnatifida (UP) and Undaria pinnatifida sporophyll (UPS). Inhibition was quantified by ELISA using anti-NoV antibodies against GII.4 and GII.17 P domain. A commercial fucoidan (≥95% purity) was used as a positive control. The dashed line indicates 50% inhibition.
