Table 1.
Ingredients, chemical composition, and fatty acid (FA) profiles of experimental concentrates 1.
| Item | CON | BYP |
|---|---|---|
| Ingredients (% as fed) | ||
| Corn | 33.0 | 26.8 |
| Barley | 20.0 | - |
| Wheat | 10.0 | 10.0 |
| Soybean meal 47% | 12.2 | 10.2 |
| Palm meal | 8.8 | - |
| Colza meal | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Wheat bran | 10.0 | 3.0 |
| Dry citrus pulp | - | 18.0 |
| Corn DDGS | - | 18.0 |
| Olive cake | - | 8.0 |
| Others 2 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Chemical composition (%, as fed basis) | ||
| Dry matter | 89.7 | 88.6 |
| Ashes | 4.82 | 5.97 |
| Crude protein | 16.2 | 17.5 |
| Ether extract | 3.75 | 6.44 |
| Neutral detergent fiber | 19.2 | 19.5 |
| Acid detergent fiber | 7.47 | 9.31 |
| Acid detergent lignin | 1.79 | 2.80 |
| Total soluble polyphenols 3 | 0.175 | 0.536 |
| FA profile (g/100 g total FA) 4 | ||
| C12:0 | 7.36 | 0.296 |
| C14:0 | 2.86 | 0.382 |
| C16:0 | 22.5 | 21.4 |
| C16:1 n-9 | 0.172 | 0.002 |
| C18:0 | 2.90 | 2.89 |
| C18:1 n-9 | 28.4 | 36.4 |
| C18:2 n-6 | 35.1 | 37.8 |
| C20:0 | 0.350 | 0.436 |
1 Ingredients and chemical composition were reported by de Evan et al. [4]. 2 For both concentrates: 1.2% calcium soap, 1.0% calcium carbonate, 0.8% sodium bicarbonate, 0.3% NaCl, and 0.2% vitamin-mineral premix. 3 Expressed as gallic acid equivalents. 4 All isomers of each monounsaturated FA are included. CON—high-cereal concentrate; BYP—agro-industrial by-products.