. 2020 Sep 3;10(9):1572. doi: 10.3390/ani10091572

Table 5.

Fatty acid (FA) profile, peroxidation index, and indexes related to human health of intramuscular fat of the longissimus dorsi muscle of light lambs fed either a high-cereal concentrate (CON) or a concentrate including by-products (BYP) ¹.

Item	Diet	Day		p =
Item	Diet	0	6	SEM ²	Diet	Day	Diet × Day
Fatty acid (% of total fatty acids)
C14:0	CON	3.97	3.94	0.067	0.212	0.088	0.203
C14:0	BYP	3.78	3.58	0.067	0.212	0.088	0.203
C15:0	CON	0.34	0.34	0.007	0.026	0.383	0.646
C15:0	BYP	0.27	0.27	0.007	0.026	0.383	0.646
C16:0	CON	23.7	23.7	0.095	<0.001	0.220	0.349
C16:0	BYP	21.9	22.1	0.095	<0.001	0.220	0.349
C17:0	CON	1.20	1.19	0.020	0.006	0.143	0.565
C17:0	BYP	0.99	0.95	0.020	0.006	0.143	0.565
C18:0	CON	14.2	14.4	0.17	0.399	0.179	0.056
C18:0	BYP	14.0	13.4	0.17	0.399	0.179	0.056
C20:0	CON	0.12	0.12	0.005	0.089	0.377	0.257
C20:0	BYP	0.14	0.13	0.005	0.089	0.377	0.257
Total saturated FA (SFA)	CON	43.6	43.7	0.25	0.001	0.279	0.170
Total saturated FA (SFA)	BYP	41.0	40.4	0.25	0.001	0.279	0.170
C14:1 n-5	CON	0.19	0.20	0.004	0.178	0.658	0.153
C14:1 n-5	BYP	0.18	0.17	0.004	0.178	0.658	0.153
C16:1 n-7	CON	2.25	2.23	0.020	0.077	0.695	0.490
C16:1 n-7	BYP	2.06	2.06	0.020	0.077	0.695	0.490
C16:1 n-9	CON	0.27	0.29	0.011	0.036	0.257	0.985
C16:1 n-9	BYP	0.31	0.32	0.011	0.036	0.257	0.985
C17:1	CON	0.76	0.77	0.006	0.004	0.126	0.470
C17:1	BYP	0.57	0.59	0.006	0.004	0.126	0.470
C18:1 n-7	CON	5.74	5.58	0.114	0.625	0.950	0.203
C18:1 n-7	BYP	5.96	6.10	0.114	0.625	0.950	0.203
C18:1 n-9	CON	37.8	37.7	0.235	0.251	0.122	0.237
C18:1 n-9	BYP	39.2	38.5	0.235	0.251	0.122	0.237
C20:1 n-9	CON	0.18	0.19	0.004	0.002	0.009	0.542
C20:1 n-9	BYP	0.21	0.22	0.004	0.002	0.009	0.542
Total monounsaturated FA (MUFA) ³	CON	47.2	46.9	0.16	0.085	0.035	0.450
Total monounsaturated FA (MUFA) ³	BYP	48.5	48.0
C18:2 n-6	CON	6.13	6.20	0.134	<0.001	0.036	0.095
C18:2 n-6	BYP	7.60	8.13	0.134	<0.001	0.036	0.095
C18:3 n-3	CON	0.28	0.27	0.002	0.000	0.043	0.817
C18:3 n-3	BYP	0.33	0.33	0.002	0.000	0.043	0.817
C18:4 n-3	CON	0.16	0.16	0.002	0.002	0.076	0.339
C18:4 n-3	BYP	0.22	0.21	0.002	0.002	0.076	0.339
C20:2 n-6	CON	0.28	0.28	0.011	0.586	0.112	0.139
C20:2 n-6	BYP	0.28	0.31	0.011	0.586	0.112	0.139
C20:3 n-6	CON	0.13	0.14	0.006	0.752	0.017	0.049
C20:3 n-6	BYP	0.12	0.15	0.006	0.752	0.017	0.049
C20:4 n-6	CON	1.62	1.70	0.092	0.834	0.015	0.090
C20:4 n-6	BYP	1.42	1.83	0.092	0.834	0.015	0.090
C20:5 n-3	CON	0.10	0.10	0.002	0.614	0.617	0.003
C20:5 n-3	BYP	0.09	0.10	0.002	0.614	0.617	0.003
C22:4 n-6	CON	0.28	0.30	0.012	0.465	0.001	0.019
C22:4 n-6	BYP	0.27	0.34	0.012	0.465	0.001	0.019
C22:5 n-3	CON	0.02	0.01	0.001	0.804	0.390	0.202
C22:5 n-3	BYP	0.01	0.01	0.001	0.804	0.390	0.202
C22:6 n-3	CON	0.22	0.23	0.007	0.258	0.001	0.071
C22:6 n-3	BYP	0.19	0.23	0.007	0.258	0.001	0.071
Total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) ³	CON	9.23	9.39	0.258	0.003	0.021	0.076
Total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) ³	BYP	10.5	11.6	0.258	0.003	0.021	0.076
Indexes
Peroxidability index ⁴	CON	19.1	19.6	0.62	0.157	0.013	0.064
	BYP	19.7	22.6
Atherogenic index ⁵	CON	0.71	0.70	0.009	<0.001	0.276	0.401
	BYP	0.63	0.61
Thrombogenic index ⁵	CON	1.14	1.34	0.015	0.003	0.157	0.185
	BYP	1.02	0.98
hH ratio ⁶	CON	1.68	0.15	0.017	<0.001	0.785	0.703
	BYP	1.90	1.92

¹ The BYP concentrate contained 18% corn DDGS, 18% dried citrus pulp, and 8% exhausted olive cake (as-fed basis). ² Standard error of the mean. ³ All isomers of each unsaturated FA are included. ⁴ Calculated as proposed by Arakawa and Sagai [67]: peroxidability index = (% monoenoic × 0.025) + (% dienoic × 1) + (% trienoic × 2) + (% tetraenoic × 4) + (% pentaenoic × 6) + (% hexaenoic × 8). ⁵ Calculated as proposed by Ulbricht and Southgate [68]: atherogenic index = (C12:0 + 4 × C14:0 + C16:0)/(MUFA + n-6 PUFA + n-3 PUFA) and thrombogenic index = (C14:0 + C16:0 + C18:0)/(0.5 × MUFA + 0.5 × n-6 PUFA + 3 × n-3 PUFA + (n-3/n-6)). ⁶ Hypocholesterolaemic/hypercholesterolaemic ratio calculated as proposed by Santos-Silva et al. [69]: ((C18:1 n-9 + C18:2 n-6 + C20:4 n-6 + C18:3 n-3 + C20:5 n-3 + C22:5 n-3 + C22:6 n-3)/(C14:0 + C16:0)).