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Percentage of spermatozoa showing hyperactive-like motility. Kinetics were examined at the time points 0, 30, and 180 min of incubation in Whitten’s medium (WHI), synthetic human tubal fluid (HTF), or HTF supplemented with 750 µM of penicillamine (HTF + PEN). Spermatozoa showing hyperactive-like motility were defined as those showing VCL > 150 and ALH > 5.5. a, b, c, d Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05, n = 6, 12 determinations).
