Table 4.

Categorical ranking of appropriate stockpersonship measures in the New Zealand cow-calf protocol.

Welfare Criteria	Animal Welfare Measure/Indicator	Scoring Description	Categorical Ranking in New Zealand Study
Stockpersonship animal-based measures on entering and exiting the race	Fearful/agitated Fall	% cows fearful/agitated in the race/forcing pen (climbing on others or attempting to escape) % cows lying in or falling in race/forcing pen or on exiting	0: 0.0% 1: 0.1–2% 2: >2%
	Stumble	% cows stumbling when exiting the race/holding pens into paddocks	0: 0–2.0% 1: 2.1–5% 2: >5%
	Run	% cows running out of the race/holding pens into paddocks	0: 0–5.0% 1: 5.1–10% 2: >10%
Animal handling stockpersonship and resource-based measures	Mis-catch (in chute/race)	% cows mis-caught with gates on any part of the body either in the race or chute head bale	0: no mis-catch 1: mis-catch ≤1% 2: mis-catch >1%
	Hitting	% of cows hit or poked with moving aids	0: no hitting 1: occasional/few hit 2: frequent hit/poke (>10% cows)
	Noise of handlers Noise of equipment/machinery Dogs noise around the yard	Evaluate noise of handlers, noise of equipment (race or chute gate) and machinery (generators etc.) and observe the presence and noise frequency of dogs around the yard	0: no noise/dogs 1: minor audible/occasional noise 2: unpleasantly/ persistent noisy handlers/equip/dogs
	Health checks	Frequency of health checks on cows during pregnancy	0: daily 1: once-twice/week 2: less than weekly
	Yard flow of cattle	Yard flow of cattle influenced by handling facilities design/quality	0: very effective cattle flow 1: effective but with flaws 2: difficult flow
	Yarding frequency	Frequency of yarding of cows per year	0: >4 times 1: 3–4 times 2: 0–2 times