Table 6.
Effects of social contact, movement control and their interaction on concentrations of blood serum hormones and minerals of male dromedaries during the rutting season.
| Factor | Variables | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hormones | Minerals | ||||||
| Cortisol (nmol/L) | Testosterone (ng/mL) | Triiodothyronine (ng/mL) | Calcium (mg/dL) | Phosphorous (mg/dL) | Magnesium (mg/dL) | Potassium (mg/dL) | |
| Social contact | |||||||
| Single | 66.89 a | 2.05 | 1.09 | 2.42 | 2.27 | 0.914 | 3.67 |
| Group | 62.54 b | 2.41 | 1.08 | 2.54 | 2.31 | 1.04 | 3.87 |
| SEM | 0.707 | 0.190 | 0.044 | 0.078 | 0.033 | 0.051 | 0.017 |
| p value | 0.004 | 0.113 | 0.728 | 0.361 | 0.765 | 0.106 | 0.162 |
| Movement control | |||||||
| Tied | 89.81 a | 1.69 b | 2.03 a | 2.55 | 2.31 | 0.796 b | 3.55 b |
| Fenced | 44.12 c | 2.91 a | 1.68 b | 2.40 | 2.29 | 1.13 a | 4.05 a |
| Exercised | 53.52 b | 2.09 ab | 1.91 b | 2.47 | 2.25 | 0.998 a | 3.88 ab |
| SEM | 0.783 | 0.116 | 0.056 | 0.078 | 0.033 | 0.064 | 0.091 |
| p value | <0.001 | 0.002 | <0.001 | 0.613 | 0.807 | 0.005 | 0.026 |
| Social contact × movement control | |||||||
| Single-tied | 91.00 a | 1.95 bc | 2.03 a | 2.48 | 2.25 | 0.78 c | 3.48 |
| Single-fenced | 46.63 c | 2.67 ab | 1.68 c | 2.37 | 2.30 | 1.07 ab | 3.90 |
| Single-exercised | 55.00 b | 1.53 c | 1.90 b | 2.40 | 2.28 | 0.90 bc | 3.70 |
| Group-tied | 88.63 a | 2.23 bc | 2.05 a | 2.63 | 2.38 | 0.82 bc | 3.62 |
| Group-fenced | 41.60 c | 3.15 a | 1.70 c | 2.43 | 2.29 | 1.20 a | 4.20 |
| Group-exercised | 52.03 b | 1.85 bc | 1.92 b | 2.55 | 2.23 | 1.10 ab | 3.86 |
| SEM | 1.07 | 0.24 | 0.06 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.15 |
| p value | <0.001 | 0.009 | <0.001 | 0.953 | 0.668 | 0.020 | 0.091 |
Means ± SEM in each column with no common superscript letter differ significantly (p < 0.05).