Table 1.
Ingredients and proximate chemical composition of the experimental diet (g kg−1; on dry matter basis).
| Ingredients | Diets (g kg−1) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | BS | LTN | BS+LTN | |
| Soybean seed meal, 48% | 362.00 | 362.00 | 362.00 | 362.00 |
| Fishmeal anchovy, 65% | 70.00 | 70.00 | 70.00 | 70.00 |
| Sunflower seed meal | 70.00 | 70.00 | 70.00 | 70.00 |
| Soya protein concentrate | 87.00 | 87.00 | 87.00 | 87.00 |
| Whole wheat flour | 190.00 | 190.00 | 190.00 | 190.00 |
| Corn starch | 107.00 | 106.85 | 106.90 | 106.75 |
| Sunflower oil | 80.00 | 80.00 | 80.00 | 80.00 |
| Binder (Carboxy methyl cellulose) | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| Vitamin premix a | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
| Mineral premix b | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 |
| Monocalcium phosphate | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 |
| Attractant (1 glycine and 2 betaine) | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Bile salt (BS) c | - | 0.15 | - | 0.15 |
| Lutein (LTN) d | - | - | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Proximate analysis (g kg−1) | ||||
| Dry matter (DM) | 875.10 | 874.30 | 866.30 | 879.00 |
| Crude protein (CP) | 343.70 | 349.00 | 334.80 | 345.80 |
| Ether extract (EE) | 98.10 | 96.20 | 99.60 | 93.10 |
| Ash | 58.50 | 58.10 | 61.20 | 55.80 |
| Nitrogen free extract (NFE) e | 499.70 | 496.70 | 504.40 | 505.30 |
| Gross energy (GE; kJ g−1) f | 20.57 | 20.57 | 20.50 | 20.52 |
a Vitamin premix (kg): VA 67 IU, VD 16.2 IU, VE 7.4 g, VK3 340 mg, VB1 670 mg, VB2 1000 mg, VB6 800 mg, VB12 1.4 mg, VC 10 g, D-pantothenic acid 2.65 g, folic acid 330 mg, nicotinamide 5.35 g, choline chloride 35 g, biotin 34 mg, inositol 8 g. b Mineral premix (g/kg): FeSO4·H2O, 25.00 g; CuSO4·5H2O, 0.60 g; ZnSO4·H2O, 4.35 g; MnSO4·H2O, 2.04 g; KI, 1.10 g; NaSeO3, 2.50 g; MgSO4·H2O, 230.67 g. c Lutein powder (90–98%) used in this study were provided by Handan Qinyueming Metal Products Company Ltd. (Hebei, China). d The BS were a mixture of sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate and obtained from Jeevan Chemicals and Pharmaceuticals Co., (Maharashtra, India). e NFE calculated using the following equation: NFE = 1000 − (CP + EE + CF + ash) [47]. f GE calculated based on 23.6, 39.4 and 17.2 kJ GE g−1 protein, EE and carbohydrates, respectively.