Table 2.
Effects of probiotics on the black goat rumen and small intestine.
| Items | Groups | SEM | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | BA | BP | |||
| Rumen | |||||
| Papilla length (mm) | 2.68 ± 0.29 C | 3.48 ± 0.43 B | 4.65 ± 0.33 A | 0.163 | <0.001 |
| Papilla width (mm) | 1.07 ± 0.09 Bb | 1.25 ± 0.12 Ba | 1.78 ± 0.23 A | 0.626 | <0.001 |
| Epithelium thickness (μm) | 89.32 ± 5.99Ab | 92.03 ± 2.49 Aab | 96.08 ± 7.34 Aa | 1.121 | 0.040 |
| Duodenum | |||||
| Villus height (μm) | 915.38 ± 56.83 B | 1041.17 ± 32.05 A | 1078.12 ± 26.92 A | 14.794 | <0.001 |
| Crypt depth (μm) | 414.94 ± 9.06 A | 326.01 ± 7.44 C | 360.09 ± 6.01 B | 6.933 | <0.001 |
| V/C | 2.21 ± 0.17 C | 3.19 ± 0.12 A | 2.99 ± 0.08 B | 0.082 | <0.001 |
| Villus width (μm) | 92.17 ± 6.85 | 91.11 ± 9.66 | 92.56 ± 14.75 | 1.927 | 0.954 |
| Jejunum | |||||
| Villus height (μm) | 424.23 ± 37.77 C | 562.80 ± 35.28 B | 818.90 ± 43.14 A | 31.122 | <0.001 |
| Crypt depth (μm) | 214.22 ± 8.11 C | 226.14 ± 7.21 B | 301.44 ± 6.61 A | 7.286 | <0.001 |
| V/C | 1.98 ± 0.16 C | 2.49 ± 0.17 B | 2.72 ± 0.13 A | 0.064 | <0.001 |
| Villus width (μm) | 97.61 ± 17.17 Bb | 115.72 ± 20.17 ABb | 143.31 ± 28.03 Aa | 5.250 | <0.001 |
| Ileum | |||||
| Villus height (μm) | 517.30 ± 44.73 | 558.07 ± 68.07 | 540.69 ± 36.97 | 9.612 | 0.227 |
| Crypt depth (μm) | 299.81 ± 10.46 A | 248.31 ± 10.77 B | 218.98 ± 7.09 C | 6.430 | <0.001 |
| V/C | 1.73 ± 0.17 Bc | 2.25 ± 0.26 Ab | 2.47 ± 0.19 Aa | 0.069 | <0.001 |
| Villus width (μm) | 102.64 ± 13.31 Bb | 132.31 ± 23.99 Aa | 141.10 ± 26.07 Aa | 4.915 | 0.001 |
Note: Data represent mean ± SD (N = 10). In the same row, values with various capital letter superscripts indicate considerable difference (p < 0.01), whereas different small letter superscripts indicate significant difference (p < 0.05), and the same small letter superscripts or without letter indicates no considerable difference (p > 0.05). V/C, the villus height-crypt depth ratio; CON, control group; BA, BA-treated group (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens treated group); BP, BP-treated group (Bacillus pumilus treated group).