Table 2.

Validated ceRNA networks shaped by the ceRNA function of lncRNAs in HCC

ceRNA network type	ceRNA member	Shared miRNA(s)	Competing target (mRNA)	ceRNA role	Experiments related to mechanism	Related HCC function mechanisms	Ref
LncRNA–miRNA–mRNA	HULC	miR-372	PRKACB	Oncogenic	Cellular	Invasion and metastasis	[12]
		miR-6825-5p, miR-6845-5p, miR-6886-3p	USP22	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Chemosensitivity	[52]
		miR-200a-3p	ZEB1	Oncogenic	siRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Invasion and EMT	[53]
		miR-186	HMGA2	Oncogenic	Overexpression, antimiRs in mouse xenografts	Proliferation	[54]
	HOTAIR	miR-122	DNMTs	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation	[55]
		miR-23b-3p	ZEB1	Oncogenic	Overexpression in mouse xenografts	Invasion and EMT	[56]
	MALAT1	miR-30a-5p	Vimentin	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Migration and invasion	[57]
		miR-204	SIRT1	Oncogenic	Cellular	Migration and invasion	[58]
		miR-143-3p	ZEB1	Oncogenic	Cellular	Proliferation and invasion	[59]
	MIAT	miR-214	EZH2	Oncogenic	siRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and invasion	[60]
	LINC00974	miR-642	KRT19	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[61]
	CCAT1	Let-7	HMGA2, c-Myc	Oncogenic	Cellular	Proliferation and migration	[62]
	DANCR	miR-214, miR-320a, miR-199a	CTNNB1	Oncogenic	siRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Invasion and metastasis	[63]
		miR-27a-3p	ROCK1, LIMK1, COFILIN1	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[64]
		miR-216a-5p	KLF12	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Migration and invasion	[65]
	HOTTIP	miR-125b	HOXA	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and migration	[66]
	ATB	miR-200 family	ZEB1, ZEB2	Oncogenic	Overexpression, knockdown in mouse xenografts	Invasion and EMT	[67]
	UCA1	miR-216b	FGFR1	Oncogenic	siRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[68]
		miR-203	Snail2	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and invasion	[69]
	FAL1	miR-1236	AFP, ZEB1	Oncogenic	Cellular	Proliferation and migration	[70]
	MUF	miR-34a	Snail1	Oncogenic	overexpression in mouse xenografts	EMT	[71]
	HOXD-AS1	miR-130a-3p	SOX4	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Migration and invasion	[72]
	SNHG8	miR-149-5p	PPM1F	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[73]
	CDKN2B-AS1	let-7c-5p	NAP1L1	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[74]
	FLVCR1-AS1	miR-513c	MET	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation, migration and invasion	[75]
	ZFAS1	miR-150	ZEB1, MMP14, MMP16	Oncogenic	Overexpression, shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[76]
	NEAT1	miR-485	STAT3	Oncogenic	Cellular	Migration and invasion	[77]
	TUG1	miR-142-3p	ZEB1	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and EMT	[78]
		miR-144	JAK2	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and migration	[79]
	ANRIL	miR-122-5p	NR	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[80]
	n335586	miR-924	CKMT1A	Oncogenic	Overexpression in mouse xenografts	Migration and invasion	[81]
	HOXA-AS2	miR-520c-3p	GPC3	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and EMT	[82]
	PCAT-1	miR-215	CRKL	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown, miR upregulation in mouse xenografts	Proliferation	[83]
	MCM3AP-AS1	miR-194-5p	FOXA1	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation	[84]
	SNHG6-003	miR-26a/b	TAK1	Oncogenic	Overexpression in mouse xenografts	Proliferation	[85]
	TP73-AS1	miR-200a	HMGB1, RAGE	Oncogenic	Cellular	Proliferation	[86]
	DSCR8	miR-485-5p	FZD7	Oncogenic	Overexpression, shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation	[87]
	LINC00707	miR-206	CDK14	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation, migration and invasion	[88]
	AGAP2-AS1	miR-16-5p	ANXA11	Oncogenic	Overexpression, shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[89]
	miat	miR-22-3p	sirt1	Oncogenic	Knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation	[90]
	DSCAM-AS1	miR-338-3p	CyclinD1, SMO	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation, migration and invasion	[91]
	XIST	miR-194-5p	MAPK1	Oncogenic	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation, migration and invasion	[92]
		miR-497-5p	PDCD4	Tumor suppressive	Overexpression in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[93]
		miR-92b	Smad7	Tumor suppressive	Overexpression, knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[94]
	LINC00657	miR-106a-5p	PTEN	Tumor suppressive	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation, migration and invasion	[95]
	MEG3	miR-9-5p	SOX11	Tumor suppressive	Cellular	Proliferation	[96]
	SNHG16	miR-93	NR	Tumor suppressive	Overexpression in mouse xenografts	Cell proliferation and chemosensitivity	[97]
	CASC2	miR-367	FBXW7	Tumor suppressive	Overexpression downregulation in mouse xenografts	EMT	[98]
	MIR31HG	miR-575	ST7L	Tumor suppressive	shRNA knockdown in mouse xenografts	Proliferation and metastasis	[99]
	FTX	miR-374a	WIF1, PTEN, WNT5A	Tumor suppressive	Overexpression in mouse xenografts	Invasion and EMT	[100]

ceRNA: competing endogenous RNA; lncRNA: long noncoding RNA; mRNAs: messenger RNAs; miRNA: microRNA; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; EMT: epithelial–mesenchymal transition; Ref: reference