Figure 2.

Bioprinting of collagen-based inks for tissue engineering. (A) (a,b) Hybrid system (extrusion-based and inkjet-based dispensing modules) used for bioprinting of collagen bioink for developing human skin models, (c) bioprinted model showed good structural features and respective dermis (Col) and epidermis (K10) biomarkers [118]; (B) (a,b) Drop-on-demand (DoD) bioprinting was used for bioprinting collagen bioink to develop functional biomimetic 3D corneal model, (c) 3D view of human CSK 7 days after bioprinting stained with live/dead staining, most of cells found viable, (d) Smooth muscle actin immunocytochemical stainings of CSK-loaded agarose-collagen blends 7 days after bioprinting, observed positive keratocan (Kera) and lumican (Lum) expression [120]; (C) (a) Laser-assisted bioprinting was explored for in-situ bioprinting of collagen-based bioinks for bone regeneration applications, (b) two different printed designs: a ring and a disk, and (c) disk printed geometry showed homogeneous regeneration throughout the defect, in contrast with the ring geometry, where regeneration is mainly observed at the periphery [126].