Table 5.
Variations in modern contraceptive use in Ethiopia: random slope and random intercept model
| Random effects (measure of variation for modern contraceptive use) |
Model 1* | Model 2† | Model 3‡ | Model 4§ |
| Region-level variance (SE) | 1.07 (0.47) | 0.90 (0.47) | 0.84 (0.38) | 0.18 (0.16) |
| P value | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 |
| Variance in age (SE) | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.05 (0.02) | ||
| P value | <0.05 | <0.05 | ||
| Variance in husband/partner’s level of education variance (SE) | 0.06 (0.03) | 0.05 (0.03) | ||
| P value | <0.05 | <0.05 | ||
| Variance in wealth quintile (SE) | 0.14 (0.05) | 0.14 (0.05) | ||
| P value | <0.01 | <0.01 | ||
| Variance in number of living children (SE) | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.08 (0.04) | ||
| P value | <0.05 | <0.05 | ||
| Variance in exposure to family planning messages) (SE) | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.09 (0.06) | ||
| P value | <0.05 | >0.05 | ||
| ICC (%) | 24.47 | 21.47 | 20.43 | 5.07 |
| Explained variance (PCV) (%) | Reference | 15.61 | 20.74 | 83.51 |
| Model fit statistics | ||||
| AIC | 9959.57 | 9073.71 | 8920.49 | 8918.61 |
| BIC | 9960.36 | 9080.87 | 8932.43 | 8927.76 |
*Model 1 is the null model, a baseline model without any determinant variable.
†Model 2 is adjusted for individual-level factors.
‡Model 3 is random slope and random intercept model adjusted for individual-level factors.
§Model 4 is the final model adjusted for individual-level and region-level factors.
AIC, Akaike’s Information Criterion; BIC, Schwarz’s Bayesian Information Criterion; ICC, intraclass correlation coefficient; PCV, percentage change in variance.