Table 1.
Demographics and baseline clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 patients (Death vs Survivals)
| Total (n = 357) | Death (n = 25) | Survivals (n = 332) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and characteristics | ||||
| Age, years, median (Q1, Q3) | 56.0 (43.0, 68.0) | 75.0 (61.0, 79.0) | 55.0 (41.0, 67.0) | <0.001 |
| Age ≥ 60, no. (%) | 164 (45.9) | 20 (80.0) | 144 (43.4) | <0.001 |
| Male, no. (%) | 185 (51.8) | 15 (60.0) | 170 (51.2) | 0.396 |
| Time from symptoms onset to designated hospital, days, median (Q1, Q3) | 9.0 (5.0, 15.0) | 7.0 (4.0, 11.0) | 10.0 (5.0, 15.0) | 0.086 |
| Coexisting disordersa, no. (%) | 154 (43.1) | 15 (60.0) | 139 (41.9) | 0.078 |
| Signs and symptoms | ||||
| Respiratory rate, breaths per min, median (Q1, Q3) | 20.0 (19.0, 21.0) | 24.0 (22.0, 30.0) | 20.0 (19.0, 21.0) | <0.001 |
| Systolic pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 131.0 (18.6) | 139.8 (21.8) | 130.4 (18.2) | 0.014 |
| Diastolic pressure, mmHg, mean (SD) | 79.2 (11.8) | 81.5 (15.8) | 79.0 (11.5) | 0.452 |
| Fever, no. (%) | 277 (77.6) | 20 (80.0) | 257 (77.4) | 0.765 |
| Fatigue, no. (%) | 138 (38.7) | 12 (48.0) | 126 (38.0) | 0.320 |
| Muscle soreness, no. (%) | 33 (9.2) | 1 (4.0) | 32 (9.6) | 0.493 |
| Headache or dizziness, no. (%) | 35 (9.8) | 1 (4.0) | 34 (10.2) | 0.491 |
| Dyspnea, no. (%) | 112 (31.4) | 16 (64.0) | 96 (28.9) | <0.001 |
| Cough, no. (%) | 226 (63.3) | 17 (68.0) | 209 (63.0) | 0.614 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| White blood cell count, ×109/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 5.7 (4.3, 7.7) | 9.9 (7.1, 11.1) | 5.6 (4.2, 7.2) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil count, ×109/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 3.8 (2.7, 5.8) | 9.1 (5.5, 10.8) | 3.7 (2.6, 5.4) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte count, ×109/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.6) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.5) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.6) | <0.001 |
| Monocyte count, ×109/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | 0.4 (0.2, 0.5) | 0.4 (0.3, 0.6) | 0.121 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 195.0 (142.0, 246.0) | 142.0 (104.0, 239.0) | 196.5 (145.5, 246.0) | 0.046 |
| Hemoglobin, g/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 129.0 (116.0, 141.0) | 122.0 (103.0, 137.0) | 129.0 (117.0, 141.0) | 0.103 |
| Alanine aminotransferase, U/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 25.0 (16.0, 41.0) | 28.0 (20.6, 45.0) | 25.0 (16.0, 41.0) | 0.285 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 27.0 (20.0, 39.2) | 42.9 (34.0, 57.0) | 27.0 (20.0, 38.0) | <0.001 |
| Albumin, g/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 38.5 (34.5, 42.1) | 33.2 (29.7, 37.1) | 39.2 (34.9, 42.3) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin, μmol/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 10.1 (7.3, 14.4) | 12.6 (8.1, 17.6) | 9.9 (7.1, 14.1) | 0.058 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 64.0 (51.0, 75.6) | 76.0 (65.0, 112.0) | 63.4 (50.7, 74.0) | 0.001 |
| Procalcitonin, mmol/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.12) | 0.25 (0.17, 0.54) | 0.05 (0.03, 0.09) | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 27.0 (6.17, 39.4) | 59.5 (39.4, 93.1) | 24.8 (5.2, 39.4) | <0.001 |
| Prothrombin time, s, median (Q1, Q3) | 12.5 (11.7, 13.3) | 13.7 (12.9, 14.5) | 12.4 (11.7, 13.2) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer, mg/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 0.8 (0.5, 1.8) | 5.1 (2.0, 10.9) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.5) | <0.001 |
| CK-MB, ng/mL, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.1 (0.7, 2.1) | 6.9 (2.5, 11.6) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.9) | <0.001 |
| Myoglobin, ng/mL, median (Q1, Q3) | 38.1 (23.0, 63.7) | 194.7 (114.9, 369.3) | 34.9 (21.9, 59.8) | <0.001 |
| High-sensitivity troponin T, ng/mL, median (Q1, Q3) | 0.0 (0.0, 3.0) | 0.1 (0.1, 2.2) | 0.0 (0.0, 3.0) | <0.001 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Lopinavir or ritonavir, no. (%) | 123 (34.5) | 5 (20.0) | 118 (35.5) | 0.115 |
| Ribavirin, no. (%) | 38 (10.6) | 4 (16.0) | 34 (10.2) | 0.323 |
| Abidol, no. (%) | 141 (39.5) | 10 (40.0) | 131 (39.5) | 0.975 |
| Chloroquine phosphate, no. (%) | 14 (3.9) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (4.2) | 0.611 |
| Glucocorticoid, no. (%) | 103 (28.9) | 15 (60.0) | 88 (26.5) | <0.001 |
| Immunoglobulin, no. (%) | 65 (18.2) | 12 (48.0) | 53 (16.0) | <0.001 |
CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzyme.
a
Including hypertension, diabetes, chronic pulmonary disease, cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, Congestive heart failure, renal disease, AIDS, metastatic malignancy, hepatic disease.