Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for patients with first-time acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock during global lockdown, by calendar period.
| 2015–2019 March 12–May 13 n (%) |
2020 March 12–May 13 n (%) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 342 (1 0 0) | 60 (1 0 0) | |
| Male gender | 257 (75) | 43 (71) | 0.68 |
| Median age, years [IQR] | 70 [60–77] | 69 [62–76] | 0.82 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Heart failure | 23 (7) | 4 (7) | 1.00 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 29 (9) | 4 (7) | 0.82 |
| Stroke | 30 (9) | 3 (5) | 0.46 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 29 (9) | 4 (7) | 0.83 |
| Hypertension* | 153 (45) | 26 (43) | 0.95 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 25 (7) | 6 (10) | 0.65 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 29 (9) | <3 | >0.05 |
| Liver disease | 15 (4) | 5 (8) | 0.33 |
| Diabetes† | 77 (23) | 10 (17) | 0.40 |
| Cancer | 41 (12) | 8 (13) | 0.94 |
| Subtypes of MI | |||
| STEMI | 152 (44) | 28 (47) | 0.86 |
| NSTEMI | 59 (17) | 9 (15) | 0.81 |
| Unspecified | 133 (39) | 23 (38) | |
| Medication | |||
| Beta blockade | 75 (22) | 10 (17) | 0.45 |
| Ca-channel blocker | 68 (20) | 13 (22) | 0.89 |
| RASi | 131 (38) | 19 (32) | 0.40 |
| Loop-diuretics | 38 (11) | 4 (7) | 0.42 |
| Lipid lowering drugs | 115 (34) | 17 (28) | 0.51 |
| Anti-platelets‡ | 90 (26) | 14 (23) | 0.58 |
| Anti-coagulants | 25 (7) | 8 (13) | 0.19 |
| Anti-diabetics | 64 (19) | 9 (15) | 0.61 |
Abbreviations: ADPi: Adenosine diphosphate inhibitor, COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, IQR: Inter quartile range, NSTEMI: Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI: ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, RASi: Renin-angiotensin system inhibitor.
*
Defined as redemption of ≥2 antihypertensive drugs 180 days before MI admission.
†
Defined as an ICD-10 code with diabetes or any redeemed prescribed anti-diabetic drug 180 days before MI admission.
‡
Anti-platelets: Aspirin, adenosine-di-phosphate inhibitors, dipyridamole.