Table 1.

Comparison of characteristics of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients who underwent Pneumocystis jirovecii detection in pulmonary specimens [partly reproduced from Nevez et al. (2018)].

	Germany (Munich)	Spain (Seville)	Brittany, France (Rennes and Brest taken together)	Other French regions and cities (Pays de la Loire, Angers; South West, Bordeaux; North, Dunkirk and Lille)	Brazil (Porto Alegre)	United Kingdom (Manchester)
Number of patients	95	88	162	104	34	111
Median age, years [range]	23.2	15.8 [1–35]	19.0 [3 months-41]	24.0 [15–32]	11.0 [1–35]	31+/– 10 (mean; sd)
Sex ratio M/F	52/43	41/47	81/81	50/54	17/17	59/52
Inclusion period	NA	May 2001-July 2002	February 2005-August 2007	October 2006-March 2009	March 2006 – August 2009	October 2013 – May 2014
Number of specimens	137	88	324	146	NA	226
Pulmonary samples examined for Pneumocystis jirovecii detection	Sputa	Sputa (54) and oropharyngeal washes (34)	Sputa	Sputa	BAL	Sputa
Technique of Pneumocystis jirovecii detection in pulmonary specimens	Nested PCR targeting mtLSUrRNA gene	Nested PCR targeting mtLSUrRNA gene	Real-time PCR targeting mtLSUrRNA gene	Conventional PCR followed by a real-time PCR targeting mtLSUrRNA gene	Nested PCR targeting mtLSUrRNA gene	Real-time PCR targeting mtLSUrRNA gene
Number of patients with a prior treatment with cotrimoxazole	0	2	NA (Rennes) 30 out of 76 (Brest)	NA	5 (cotrimoxazole or azithromycin in the 6 months preceding sampling)	102
Number of patients colonized with Pneumocystis jirovecii	7 (7.4%; CI 95: 2.1–12.7%)	19 (21.6%; CI 95: 12.9–30.1%)	4 (2.5%; CI 95: 0.1–4.9%)	13 (12.5%; CI 95: 6.1–18.9%)	13 (38.2%; CI 95%:21.9–54.5%)	9 (8.1%; CI 95%: 3–13.2%)

BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage; CI, confidence interval; F, female; M, male; mtLSUrRNA, mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA; NA, not available.