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. 2020 Oct 9;15:7763–7774. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S270100

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© 2020 Luo et al.

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Implant surface characterization. The fabricated Ti implant surface structure was examined by SEM under both lower and higher magnifications (A). The surface topography was scanned by AFM (B), and the average roughness was calculated as Sq value (C). The water contact angle was measured by DSA (D). *P<0.05.