Table 2.
Metabolic Syndrome-Related Variables and Dietary Macronutrient Consumption According to 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration
| Sufficient ≥50 nmol/L (n = 1996) |
Insufficient <50 nmol/L (n = 6330) |
p-value * | |
|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 ± 0.1 | 23.4 ± 0.1 | 0.001 |
| WC (cm) | 77.4 ± 0.3 | 78.0 ± 0.2 | 0.075 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 115.4 ± 0.4 | 116.0 ± 0.2 | 0.226 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.7 ± 0.3 | 73.8 ± 0.2 | 0.651 |
| FG (mg/dL) | 93.8 ± 0.5 | 95.5 ± 0.3 | 0.009 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 103.3 ± 1.7 | 114.3 ± 1.5 | <0.001 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 188.0 ± 0.9 | 188.6 ± 0.6 | 0.562 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 53.3 ± 0.3 | 52.2 ± 0.2 | 0.003 |
| Dietary consumption | |||
| Energy (kcal) | 1704.1 ± 20.3 | 1706.0 ± 10.2 | 0.929 |
| %_CHO | 68.6 ± 0.3 | 68.2 ± 0.2 | 0.281 |
| %_PRO | 14.4 ± 0.1 | 14.2 ± 0.1 | 0.250 |
| %_FAT | 17.4 ± 0.2 | 17.9 ± 0.1 | 0.103 |
Notes: The data are expressed as the means ± SEMs. * p-values of the difference between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations using a general linear model after adjusting for age, education level, household income, marital status, residential region, subjective stress level, dietary supplement consumption, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, and physical activity.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FG, fasting glucose; TGs, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.