Table 4.
Association of the Combined Effect the Menopausal Status and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration on Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome According to Dietary Macronutrient Consumption
| Obesity | Metabolic Syndrome | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premenopausal Status (n = 4030) |
Postmenopausal Status (n = 4296) |
Premenopausal Status (n = 4030) |
Postmenopausal Status (n = 4296) |
||
| CHO | Low | 1.278 (0.926–1.764) |
1.158 (0.838–1.601) |
1.432 (0.880–2.329) |
1.260 (0.930–1.708) |
| High | 0.810 (0.538–1.220) |
1.428 (1.145–1.780)** |
1.080 (0.631–1.847) |
1.261 (1.013–1.570)* |
|
| Protein | Low | 0.928 (0.627–1.374) |
1.385 (1.091–1.756)** |
1.120 (0.667–1.881) |
1.266 (1.008–1.590)* |
| High | 1.191 (0.858–1.654) |
1.268 (0.964–1.668) |
1.400 (0.859–2.282) |
1.243 (0.949–1.628) |
|
| Fat | Low | 0.809 (0.551–1.189) |
1.434 (1.150–1.788)** |
0.938 (0.554–1.586) |
1.239 (1.004–1.529)* |
| High | 1.319 (0.941–1.847) |
1.141 (0.837–1.556) |
1.561 (0.938–2.598) |
1.332 (0.969–1.830) |
|
Notes: The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were calculated in reference to a serum vitamin D concentration ≥50 nmol/L using a multinomial logistic regression model after adjusting for age, education level, household income, marital status, residential region, subjective stress level, dietary supplement consumption, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, and physical activity (*p<0.05, ** p<0.01).