Table 1. Baseline characteristics of all subjects.
| Baseline characteristics | No EMD | EMD | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients, n |
912 |
608 |
|
| Female sex, n (%) |
440 (48.2%) |
454 (74.7%) |
p<0.001* |
| Age (years), mean ±SD |
71.20±10.17 |
74.51±8.02 |
p<0.001 * |
| AMD status |
|
|
p<0.001* |
| No AMD, n (%) |
623 (68.3%) |
134 (22.0%) |
|
| Early/intermediate AMD, n (%) |
158 (17.3%) |
188 (30.9%) |
|
| Late AMD, n (%) |
131 (14.4%) |
286 (47.0%) |
|
| C3d/C3 Ratio (ln), mean ±SD |
1.41±0.40 |
1.51±0.40 |
p<0.001† |
| Ever smoked, n (%) |
482 (52.85%) |
257 (42.27%) |
p<0.001* |
| Hypertension, n (%) |
299 (32.79%) |
204 (33.55%) |
p=0.220* |
| Cardiovascular diseases, n (%) |
154 (16.89%) |
97 (15.95) |
p=0.525* |
| BMI ≥25, n (%) |
497 (54.50%) |
289 (47.53%) |
p=0.023* |
| Diabetes, n (%) |
77 (8.44%) |
47 (7.73%) |
p=0.561* |
| Allergy, n (%) |
177 (19.41%) |
111 (18.26%) |
p=0.484* |
| Sunlight exposure ≥8h, n (%) |
82 (8.99%) |
96 (15.79%) |
p<0.001* |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l), mean ±SD |
5.71±1.22 |
5.91±1.16 |
p=0.003† |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l), mean ±SD |
1.42±0.37 |
1.56±0.37 |
p<0.001† |
| Triglyceride (mmol/l), mean ±SD | 1.96±0.99 | 1.72±0.89 | p<0.001† |
AMD: Age-related macular degeneration, BMI: Body mass Index, EMD: Extramacular drusen, HDL: High density lipoprotein, *Chi-square Test, † Mann–Whitney-U Test, In: natural logarithm of.