Table 4.
Maternal and Fetal Characteristics Significantly Associated with Postpartum Hemorrhage Risk Within Members of Each Labor Process Latent Classa
| Variables Significantly Associated with PPH |
OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Class 1: Spontaneous: Early Admission | ||
| Nulliparous | 1.75 (1.38-2.29) | <.001 |
| Exceeded weight gain guidelines | 1.29 (0.99-1.66) | .052 |
| Hispanic | 1.88 (1.43-2.48) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 1.68 (1.10-2.56) | .016 |
| Macrosomia (≥4000 grams) | 1.89 (1.30-2.74) | .001 |
| Class 2: Spontaneous: Active Admission | ||
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | 1.83 (1.07-3.12) | .028 |
| Hispanic | 1.78 (1.07-2.96) | .023 |
| Class 3: Induction: Moderate Duration Admissionb | ||
| Black and non-Hispanic | 1.54 (1.07-2.23) | .02 |
| Hispanic | 1.91 (1.36-2.67) | <.001 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 1.98 (1.15-3.39) | .014 |
| Smoker | 0.38 (0.15-0.93) | .030 |
| Hypertension | 1.83 (1.29-2.58) | .001 |
| Class 4: Spontaneous: Prolonged Second Stage | ||
| Gestational age (40.1-41 wk) | 1.68 (1.08-2.62) | .021 |
| Black and non-Hispanic | 2.51 (1.23-5.70) | .019 |
| Depressed | 2.17 (1.01-4.66) | .046 |
| Macrosomia | 2.44 (1.47-4.05) | .001 |
| Class 5: Induction: Prolonged Complicated Admission | ||
| Nulliparous | 4.36 (2.11-9.03) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 1.75 (1.01-3.05) | .047 |
| Depressed | 2.61 (1.07-6.26) | .034 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio; PPH, postpartum hemorrhage.
a
Each model controls for maternal age, gestational age, parity, insurance, weight gain guidelines, maternal race and ethnicity, smoking, depression, hypertension, newborn macrosomia, fetal sex, and uterine scar.
b
Indication for induced labor also included in model (for Class 3 only).