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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2020 Sep 1;161(9):2107–2118. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001888

Fig. 10. Oral administration of FTY720 blocked morphine-induced neuroinflammation in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.

Fig. 10.

(A,B) When compared on day 6 to rats treated with vehicle and saline, the expression of GFAP (astrocytes; A) and OX-42 (microglia; B) increased in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord from male rats treated with morphine infusion. Oral administration of FTY720 (0.1 mg/kg/day) blocked morphine-induced GFAP and OX-42 expression. (C,D) When compared to Veh + Sal treated rats on day six, phosphorylation p38 increased (C), cytosolic IκBα decreased (D) and nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 increased (D) in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord from rats treated with morphine. These events were blocked with oral administration of FTY720 (0.1 mg/kg/day; C,D). Using ImageJ [66], the images for β-actin (B) were inverted from the original image and the brightness and contrast was adjusted across the blots for D: NFκB p65. All blots were cropped for clarity. Results are expressed as mean±SD for n=6 rats/group (54 animals with no exclusions) and analyzed by two-tailed, one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s comparisons. [Treatment: (A) GFAP: F(2,15)=43, p=5.8×10−7, η2=0.85; (B) OX-42: F(2,15)=6.9, p=0.0076, η2=0.48; (C) p-p38: F(2,15)=45, p=4.9×10−7, η2=0.86; (D) IκBα: F(2,15)=377, p=1.5×10−13, η2=0.98; NFκB p65: F(2,15)=474, p=2.8×10−14, η2=0.98. *P<0.05 vs. Veh+Sal and †P<0.05 vs. Veh+Mor.