Extended Data Fig. 10|. Microbiome-dependent metabolites in E14.5 brains after maternal supplementation with 4-MM or SCFA and effects on netrin-G1a thalamocortical axons.

a, Netrin-G1a in four independent E14.5 brains from offspring of ABX+vehicle and ABX+4-MM dams. Scale=500 μm, b, Netrin-G1a in area of Netrin-G1a+ staining in E14.5 brains from ABX+vehicle and ABX+4-MM dams. (Two-way ANOVA+Tukey’s, n=8 dams). c, Area of Netrin-G1a+ staining in E14.5 brain sections. (Two-way ANOVA+Tukey’s, n=8 dams). d, DAPI counts per matched ROI (yellow lines) normalized by total brain area. (Two-way ANOVA+Tukey’s, n=4 dams). e, Levels of the metabolites i) imidazole propionate (IP), ii) trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), iii) 3-indoxyl-sulfate (3-IS), iv) hippurate (HIP) and v) N, N, N-trimethyl-5-aminovalerate (TMAV) in E14.5 brain lysates from antibiotic-treated dams supplemented with 4-MM or vehicle (One-way ANOVA, n=5 (ABX+vehicle), 3, 3, 5, 3, 5 (ABX+4-MM) dams). f, Levels of IP, TMAO, 3-IS, HIP, and TMAV in E14.5 brain lysates from BD dams. (One-way ANOVA+Tukey’s, n = 6, 6, 5 dams). g, SCFA administration. h, Netrin-G1a in four independent E14.5 brain sections from offspring of ABX and ABX+SCFA dams. Scale=500 μm, i, Netrin-G1a and L1 in E14.5 brain sections from offspring of ABX and ABX+SCFA dams. j, Netrin-G1a per matched control ROI, normalized by total brain area. (Two-way ANOVA+Tukey’s, n=4, 7 dams). k, Netrin-G1a in area of Netrin-G1a+ staining. (Two-way ANOVA+Tukey’s, n=4, 7 dams). l, Area of Netrin-G1a+ staining. (Two-way ANOVA+Tukey’s, n=4, 7 dams). m, L1 per matched control ROI, normalized by total brain area. (Two-way ANOVA+Tukey’s, n=4, 7 dams). n, DAPI count per matched ROI, normalized by total brain area. (Two-way ANOVA+Tukey’s, n=4, 7 dams). Mean±SEM. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, n.s.=not statistically significant.