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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ecol Food Nutr. 2020 May 6;59(5):486–505. doi: 10.1080/03670244.2020.1752685

Table 1:

Sociodemographic Characteristics of Study Participants

Wisconsin Tribes New Mexico Tribes

Sociodemographic Characteristics Men Sample Size (n) Women Sample Size (n) Men Sample Size (n) Women Sample Size (n)

Total Sample Size 60 200 140 200 94 382 288 382
Current Smoker, n(%) 58.3% 60 57.9% 140 17.2% 93 11.6% 284
Age
Mean Age (y) (SE) 45.6 (1.9) 60 47.2 (1.2) 140 42.9 (1.6) 94 47.3 (0.9) 288
19–30 years (%) 16.7% 60 15.0% 140 26.7% 94 18.1% 288
31–50 years (%) 45.0% 60 40.0% 140 41.5% 94 34.0% 288
51–70 years (%) 33.3% 60 40.7% 140 25.5% 94 43.4% 288
71–75 years (%) 5.0% 60 4.3% 140 6.4% 94 4.5% 288
Food Assistance Participation, n(%)
SNAP 28.3% 60 27.1% 140 41.5% 94 45.6% 287
Church 5.0% 60 10.0% 140 35.1% 94 30.3% 287
Senior Center Meals 23.3% 60 15.0% 140 22.3% 94 27.5% 287
WIC 13.3% 60 15.7% 140 11.7% 94 15.3% 287
Participating in at least one food assistance programa 70.0% 60 65.7% 140 74.5% 94 77.8% 288
Education Level, n(%)
Less than High Schoolb 16.7% 60 12.9% 140 19.4% 93 18.9% 285
High School 28.3% 60 27.1% 140 32.3% 93 31.2% 285
GED/Technical/Associates Degree/Some College/Other 51.6% 60 55.0% 140 41.9% 93 42.8% 285
Bachelor/Master/Doctoral Degree 3.3% 60 5.0% 140 6.5% 93 7.0% 285
Marital Status, n(%)
Single/Never Married 51.7% 60 56.4% 140 43.5% 92 31.7% 281
Married/Lives with Partner/Common Law 28.3% 60 22.9% 140 51.1% 92 48.0% 281
Separated/Divorced/Widowed 20.0% 60 20.7% 140 5.4% 92 20.3% 281

Abbreviations: SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program), WIC (The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children), GED (General Educational Development), SE = Standard Error of Mean

a

Food assistance programs include WIC, SNAP, commodity foods, the Food Bank, senior center meals, church, other tribal food distribution programs, local farm surplus and the summer food service program.

b

Less than High School means uncompleted high school degree, elementary school, middle school or no education.