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. 2020 Oct 1;16(4):361–387. doi: 10.1007/s13181-020-00810-7

Table 38.

Antidotal therapy.

N (%)a
N-Acetylcysteine 751 (31.2)
Naloxone/nalmefene 331 (13.7)
Thiamine 276 (11.5)
Sodium bicarbonate 230 (9.5)
Folate 192 (8.0)
Fomepizole 85 (3.5)
Physostigmine 77 (3.2)
Glucagon 73 (3.0)
Calcium 64 (2.7)
Atropine 44 (1.8)
Flumazenil 36 (1.5)
Insulin-euglycemic therapy 35 (1.5)
Cyproheptadine 30 (1.2)
Octreotide 29 (1.2)
Lipid resuscitation therapy 27 (1.1)
Carnitine 25 (1.1)
Vitamin K 20 (0.8)
Methylene blue 19 (0.8)
Fab for digoxin 19 (0.8)
Pyridoxine 16 (0.7)
2-PAM 6 (0.2)
Hydroxocobalamin 6 (0.2)
Dantrolene 4 (0.2)
Ethanol 3 (0.1)
Bromocriptine 3 (0.1)
Nitrites 3 (0.1)
Anticoagulation reversal 1 (< 0.1)
Andexanet 1 (< 0.1)
Botulinum antitoxin 1 (< 0.1)
Factor replacement 1 (< 0.1)
Protamine 1 (< 0.1)
Silimarin 1 (< 0.1)
Total 2410 (100)

aPercentages are based on the total number of antidotes administered (N = 2410); 1889 (26.3%) Registry cases received at least one antidote. Cases may have involved the use of multiple antidotes