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. 2020 Oct 1;16(4):361–387. doi: 10.1007/s13181-020-00810-7

Table 5.

Reason for medical toxicology encounter.

N (%)
Intentional exposure—pharmaceutical 3550 (52.4)
Intentional exposure—non-pharmaceutical 909 (12.7)
Unintentional exposure—pharmaceutical 513 (7.1)
Unintentional exposure—non-pharmaceutical 312 (4.3)
Addiction medicine consultation 475 (6.6)
Organ system dysfunction 279 (3.9)
Envenomation—snake 253 (3.5)
Withdrawal—ethanol 183 (2.5)
Withdrawal—opioid 152 (2.1)
Interpretation of toxicology lab data 121 (1.7)
Environmental evaluation 111 (1.5)
Ethanol abuse 92 (1.3)
Occupational evaluation 65 (0.9)
Withdrawal—sedative/hypnotic 48 (0.7)
Malicious/criminal 36 (0.5)
Envenomation—spider 35 (0.5)
Withdrawal—other 18 (0.3)
Withdrawal—cocaine/amphetamine 6 (0.1)
Envenomation—scorpion 4 (0.1)
Envenomation—other 7 (0.1)
Marine /fish poisoning 5 (0.1)
Blank 3 (0.0)
Total 7177 (100)