Table 2.

Host directed therapy targeting mitochondrial functions toward tuberculosis management.

S.no	Inhibitor/drug	Target	Remarks	References
1	Metformin	Phosphorylates mTOR and p70S6k	Autophagy interrupts the mitochondrial respiratory chain and induces production of ROS	(Naicker et al., 2020)
2	M1	Mitochondrial fusion	Restores Mitochondrial functions	(Asalla et al., 2017)
3	Cystamine/cysteamine	Transglutaminase	increasing glutathione and L-cysteine level	(Palucci et al., 2019)
4	Statins	HMG CoA reductase	Autophagy Block lipid accumulation	(Palucci and Delogu, 2018)
5	Alisporivir	PTP inhibitor cyclophilin D	Inhibits ROS Necrosis is inhibited without affecting bacterial clearance In phase III clinical trials	(Šileikyte and Forte, 2016))
6	VitD3	Stimulates vitamin D receptor and induces cathelicidin expression as well as Atg5 and Beclin-1	Autophagy reverses PPAR-γ mediated adipogenic effects	(Palucci and Delogu, 2018)
7	Aspirin ibuprofen zileuton	Block eicosanoids	Modulates inflammation through classical COX-dependent inhibition of prostaglandins	(Tobin, 2015)
8	H-89/ETB089	cAMP-dependent PKA inhibitor	Enhance Autophagy	(Kuijl et al., 2007)
9	Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and treprostinil	PPAR-γ	Regulate genes of glucose and lipid metabolism and decrease triglycerides and increase insulin uptake	(Rask-Andersen et al., 2014)
10	Mepenzolate bromide	G-protein-coupled receptor GPR109A pathway	bacterial burden was reduced in cell culture and in mouse in vivo models	(Singh et al., 2012)
11	Rapamycin	mTOR	Enhances autophagy	(Singh and Subbian, 2018)
12	Cyclosporine corticosteroids	MMT inhibitors	Inhibit necrosis	(Gan et al., 2005; Grab et al., 2019)