Table 2.
Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus and established ischemic heart disease patients
| Variables | OR (CI) | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SBP | 2.5 (0.9–6.8) | 0.07 | ||||
| DBP | 1.5 (0.5–3.9) | 0.43 | ||||
| BMI | 4.6 (1.6–13.6) | 0.006 | ||||
| HbA1c | 2.8 (1.1–6.9) | 0.032 | ||||
| TG | 0.2 (0.2–1.3) | 0.51 | ||||
| LDL | 0.6 (0.2–1.8) | 0.55 | ||||
| HDL-C | 3.1 (1.2–7.5) | 0.012 | ||||
| CIMT | 2.5 (0.8–7.9) | 0.126 | ||||
| Clinical parameters according to severity of ultrasonography-diagnosed NAFLD | ||||||
| Variables (n) | NAFLD-2 (n=48; 32%) | NAFLD-1 (n=59; 39%) | Non-NAFLD (n=43; 29%) | P | ||
| SBP (mmHg), mean±SD | 140±19 | 133±15.0 | 128±15.7 | <0.001 | ||
| DBP (mmHg), mean±SD | 81±13.0 | 83±13 | 77±13 | 0.001 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2), mean±SD | 33.8±6.7 | 30.0±7.8 | 26.0±3.8 | <0.001 | ||
| WC (cm), mean±SD | 106±13 | 102±10 | 89±14 | <0.001 | ||
| HbA1c (%), median (IQR) | 9.3 (2.4) | 8.2 (5.8) | 8.0 (2.2) | <0.001 | ||
| ALT (U/L), median (IQR) | 33 (25) | 20 (20.8) | 22 (17) | 0.601 | ||
| GGT (U/L), median (IQR) | 59 (39) | 38 (31) | 36 (26) | 0.079 | ||
| ALP (U/L), median (IQR) | 80 (40) | 83 (27) | 82 (32) | 0.707 | ||
| TG (mmol/L), median, (IQR) | 1.8 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.5 (1.1) | 0.002 | ||
| LDL (mmol/L), mean±SD | 3.2±1.5 | 2.6±1.1 | 2.4±0.9 | 0.04 | ||
| CIMT (mm), mean±SD | 0.77±0.19 | 0.69±0.14 | 0.68±0.32 | 0.018 | ||
Data are presented as mean±SD for parametric data and median (IQR) for nonparametric data. Categorical data are presented as numbers of patients and percentages. Comparison for different stages in NAFLD was analyzed using Chi-square test for categorical variables and ANOVA test for continuous variables. P<0.05 is considered statistically significant. SD=Standard deviation; ANOVA=Analysis of variance; IQR=Interquartile range; NAFLD=Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; OR=Odds ratio; CI=Confidence interval; SBP=Systolic blood pressures; DBP=Diastolic blood pressures; BMI=Body mass index; HbA1c=Glycated hemoglobin; TG=Triglyceride; LDL=Low-density lipoprotein; HDL-C=High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CIMT=Carotid intima-media thickness; WC=Waist circumference; ALT=Alanine aminotransferase; GGT=Gamma-glutamyl transferase; ALP=Alkaline phosphatase