Table 1.

The main italian studies reporting either motor or cognitive outcomes following telerehabilitation.

	References	Sample	Major findings
TELEMOTOR REHABILITATION
Postural control and falls	Giordano et al. (24)	145 EG/145 CG elderly patients	The authors performed a trial to evaluate the effects of a home intervention program delivered by a multidisciplinary health-care team on older people. The results showed positive effects of the home program.
	Bernocchi et al. (32)	141 EG/142 CG elderly patients	The authors carried out a telerehabilitation program to prevent fall and they observed that their 6-month integrated program was feasible and effective in preventing falls in elderly with chronic diseases and at high risk of falling.
	Gandolfi et al. (33)	38 EG/38CG PD patients	The study evaluate the effects of a remote rehabilitation training on balance, mobility, quality of life, frequency of fall in patients with PD. The authors observed that static and dynamic postural control was improved more in the PD patients receiving VR-based balance training at home.
	Carpinella et al. (34)	21 EG/21 CG PD patients	The study shows the feasibility and efficacy of a new system, the GAMEPAD (GAMing Experience in Parkinson's Disease) for the biofeedback rehabilitation of balance and gait in PD.
	Isernia et al. (35)	30 PD, 32 SM and 45 stroke patients	The authors proposed a motor and cognitive rehabilitation program, the Human Empowerment Aging and Disability (HEAD), and they found that a telehealth approach is both feasible and effective in providing rehabilitation care, ensuring continuity of care and encouraging the autonomy of daily life.
Upper limb	Piron et al. (16)	36 stroke patients	This work found that subjects with post-stroke upper limb deficits exposed to telerehabilitation treatment in a virtual environment could obtain moderately better motor performance than conventional therapy.
	Sgandurra et al. (36)	12 EG/12 CG UCP children	The results of this study showed that telerehabilitation could be promising in upper limb recovery in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP).
	Dallolio et al. (37)	90 EG/90 CG SCI patients	The authors show that in patients with spinal cord injury, motor telerehabilitation would persist over time. Thus, the tool may offer benefits to patients discharged compared to standard treatments in terms of improving functionality.
TELECOGNITIVE REHABILITATION
Pediatric neurological disorders	Corti et al. (38)	32 adolescents adolescents with brain damage	The authors observe that home cognitive telerehabilitation can be very useful in adolescents with congenital or acquired brain damage and with various levels of cognitive functioning.
	Pecini et al. (39)	34 children with Dyslexia	The authors found that rapid automatized naming (RAN) could be a valid tool in children with reading difficulties to empower the cognitive processes underlying reading, implement of intensive, specific, and early interventions, reduce costs for the healthcare system and long waiting lists.
	Simone et al. (40)	16 SM and 40 ADHD children	The study underline the efficacy of a home-based computerized-program for retraining attention. Data suggest that a cognitive rehabilitation program that targets attention is a suitable tool for improving global cognitive functioning in these patients.
Neurological diseases in adulthood	Torrisi et al. (41)	20 EG/20CG post-stroke patients	This work show effectiveness of a virtual reality telerehabilitation system to improve cognitive functioning in 40 post-stroke patients, thanks to a tablet connected remotely with clinicians.
	Maresca et al. (42)	15 EG/15 CG patient with post-stroke aphasia	The authors demonstrate effectiveness of a specific home telerehabilitation program for post-stroke aphasia, using a virtual reality touch-screen tablet.
Neurodegenerative diseases	De Luca et al. (43)	10 EG/10 CG patients with dementia	The study demonstrate that web-based cognitive rehabilitation can be useful in improving cognitive performance, besides psychological well-being, in demented individuals living in home care.
	Realdon et al. (44)	15 EG/15 CG MCI and AD patients	This work showed the effectiveness of a telerehabilitation and telemonitoring home assistance service of MCI and AD patients, to preserve cognitive and motor functioning and increase autonomy in daily life.
	Fabbri et al. (45)	30 EG/30 CG MCI and VCI (vascular cognitive impairment) patients	Results of this study underline on the efficacy of the proposed telerehabilitation to prevent or delay further cognitive decline in MCI/VCI subjects. Indeed, this tool could be promising to counteract cognitive decline and improve both physical functioning and quality of life.
	Dobbs et al. (46)	16 PD patients	The authors created a remotely supervised tDCS protocol for PD patients, combined with cognitive rehabilitation; This protocol allowed the PD patients to receive treatment at home, with reduction of fatigue and improvement of cognitive functioning.
	Alloni et al. (47)	45 neurological patients	The authors propose a tool, CoRe, for cognitive rehabilitation and they underline the importance of support systems for therapists in the provision of remote services, which allow the involvement and participation of users.