Table 1.
Demographics, clinical measures (PD only) and training intensity for the four training groups.
| TBT | SB75 | SB50 | SBCR | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALL (N) | 18 | 20 | 21 | 22 | |
| Age (years) | 67.38 (10.1) | 68.1 (10.0) | 69.33 (7.22) | 71.09 (7.60) | 0.556 |
| Gender (% female) | 16.7 | 35 | 38.1 | 45.5 | 0.251 |
| MMSE (/30) | 28.44 (1.88) | 28.75 (1.11) | 29.04 (1.20) | 28.90 (1.37) | 0.588 |
| MOCA (/30) | 25 (3.49) | 26.26 (3.01) | 25.66 (3.73) | 25.77 (2.92) | 0.713 |
| FAB (/16) | 16.05 (1.98) | 16.26 (2.07) | 16.57 (1.66) | 16.72 (1.63) | 0.659 |
| 6-M retrospective falls (N) | 0 (1) | 0 (2) | 0 (2.5) | 0 (0.3) | 0.636 |
| FES-I (/64) | 22 (9) | 18.5 (13.5) | 20 (12.5) | 22.5 (13.5) | 0.601 |
| Mini-BESTest (/28) | 23.5 (7.5) | 23.5 (8.3) | 23 (8.5) | 25 (6.5) | 0.661 |
| PD (N) | 10 | 12 | 11 | 12 | |
| Hoehn and Yahr (%-I/II/III/IV) | 10/40/40/10 | 0/41.7/41.7/16.7 | 0/27.3/54.5/18.2 | 0/50/41.7/8.3 | 0.857 |
| MDS-UPDRS part III motor (/132) | 38.7 (21.6) | 38.45 (16.1) | 34.36 (11.0) | 32.58 (12.1) | 0.736 |
| Disease duration (years) | 11.65 (7.05) | 13.2 (7.45) | 14.36 (9.09) | 12.33 (7.55) | 0.87 |
| LEDD | 855.7 (353) | 759.9 (294) | 795 (323) | 853 (417) | 0.914 |
| NFOG-Q (/28) | 16.1 (6.53) | 17.58 (6.11) | 14.90 (6.10) | 16.58 (5.07) | 0.755 |
| Training intensity (ALL) | |||||
| Training speed (m/s) | 1.07 (0.20) | 1.12 (0.21) | 1.18 (0.30) | 1.18 (0.26) | 0.473 |
| Training duration (min) | 30 (0.87) | 30 (0) | 30 (0) | 30 (0) | 0.834 |
| Training Shortened (Yes) | 22.2% | 10% | 14.3% | 18.2% | 0.753 |
| Handrail use (yes) | 16.7% | 20% | 19% | 9.1% | 0.737 |
| Borg Scale DURING (6–20) | 12.05 (2.38) | 11.45 (2.50) | 11.05 (3.17) | 11.6 (2.90) | 0.743 |
| Borg Scale POST (6–20) | 13.17 (2.42) | 12.5 (2.91) | 11.95 (3.47) | 12.59 (3.20) | 0.685 |
| VAS Mental Fatigue PRE (/10) | 1.82 (1.36) | 2.41 (2.33) | 1.20 (1.40) | 1.92 (1.90) | 0.242 |
| VAS Mental Fatigue POST (/10) | 3.15 (2.10) | 3.33 (2.83) | 3.01 (2.62) | 2.84 (2.19) | 0.932 |
| VAS Physical Fatigue PRE (/10) | 2.64 (2.36) | 2.65 (2.57) | 2.08 (2.13) | 2.54 (2.07) | 0.854 |
| VAS Physical Fatigue POST (/10) | 3.95 (2.42) | 3.71 (2.03) | 3.78 (2.82) | 3.42 (2.54) | 0.928 |
Means (SD) and one-way analysis of variance or chi-square likelihood test p-values are presented, except for FES-I, Mini-BEST and retrospective falls for which median (interquartile range) is reported along with a Kruskal-Wallis test p-value owing to non-normal distributions. PRE, Pre-training; DURING, halfway through training; POST, Post-training; MMSE, Mini Mental Status Examination; MOCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; FAB, Frontal Assessment Battery; 6-M Retrospective Falls, subjective recall of number of falls in last 6 months; FES-I, International version of Falls Efficacy Scale; Mini-BEST, Mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test; LEDD, daily Levodopa Equivalent Dose; NFOG-Q, new Freezing of Gait Questionnaire; VAS, Visual Analog Scale.