Blast-induced delivery device |
Device used to induce blast injury |
Pressure wave type |
Friedlander wave is an instantaneous rise in pressure immediately followed by a decay curve; idealized blast in open space; can be reproduced in tube |
Detonation type |
Material for open field explosions, blast tube explosions |
Detonation material quantity |
Quantity of material used for open field explosions, blast tube explosions |
Driver gas |
Gas used to generate overpressure in shock tube |
Pressure wave medium |
Medium through which blast wave travels to reach target |
Distance from detonation |
For open-field exposures |
Blast tube or column area |
Area of the distal end of the blast tube/column or shock tube/column |
Blast tube length |
Length of the blast tube; use when no membrane is used |
Shock tube driven section length |
Length of the shock tube driven section; use when membrane present |
Membrane/diaphragm thickness |
Thickness of membrane between driver and driven sections of shock tube |
Membrane/diaphragm burst method |
Indicate whether membrane is punctured or allowed to rupture by gas pressure buildup in driver section of shock tube |
Membrane/diaphragm burst pressure (shock tube) |
Pressure at which the membrane/diaphragm within the shock tube bursts |
Tube end configuration |
Is the tube end “open” or “closed” |
Placement of animal relative to shock tube |
Inside or outside the shock tube |
Distance between the animal and the tube end |
Indicate how far animal is from the end of the shock or blast tube |
Animal orientation to the blast wave |
Describe positioning of the animal relative to the blast wavefront |
Overpressure peak (blast or shock) |
Incident pressure |
Overpressure rise time |
A measure of how rapidly pressure changes from the ambient level to the maximum positive value, defined as the time required for pressure to increase from 10% to 90% of the maximum positive value |
Overpressure wave duration (pulse width) |
Full width at half maximum amplitude |
Impulse |
Integration of overpressure with respect to time |
Reflective wave overpressure |
Pressure measured following reflection or dampening; overpressure following interference |
Blast wind pressure |
The post-shock or blast wind is important in describing the complete blast wave |
Pressure sensor orientation |
Location of pressure gauge needed to assess temporal, spatial characteristics of measured pressure |
Pressure sensor type |
Indicate type of pressure sensor used to characterize, calibrate, and/or record pressure |
Pressure sensor sampling frequency |
Pressure sensor sampling frequency |
Incident pressure time history (image) |
Incident pressure time history (image) |
Body exposure |
Designates whether whole body is exposed to pressure or is partially shielded |
Protective shielding |
Location |
Protective shielding type |
Nature of material used for shielding |
Reflective surfaces (where and type) |
Indicates the presence and nature of reflective or dampening surfaces integrated into blast wave path |
Primary blast effects |
Methodology employed to isolate primary blast effects from secondary, tertiary, or quaternary effects |
Secondary blast effects type |
Secondary blast effects include the effects of any projectile, including fragments of debris, propelled by the blast that penetrates the skin. This may be modeled with a blast (primary blast effect) or in isolation to mimic the secondary blast effects associated with a blast. Cross reference with penetrating models of brain injury as appropriate |
Secondary blast effects specifications |
Entered to further explain “secondary blast effect type.” |
Tertiary blast effects type |
Tertiary blast effects describe when explosion propels body and brain is injured due to acceleration and/or impacts the ground or a surrounding object. For animal models, could be used to describe the head hitting the ground or object, or ground or object hitting head. For small objects, use secondary blast effects |
Tertiary blast effects specifications |
Provide further explanation of methods used to induce tertiary injury and/or methodology to measure resultant forces or accelerations. Cross reference with blunt force and/or acceleration model CDEs as necessary. For head impact only (i.e., no blast), use appropriate CDE (e.g., weight drop model) |
Quaternary blast effects |
Quaternary blast effects include toxic gas inhalation, thermal exposure, flash burns, microwave heating, electromagnetic fields |
Systemic injury |
Measures of systemic inflammation/stress as a result of the blast (including primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary effects) |
Extracranial injuries |
Injuries other than brain injury that occurs as a result of the blast (including primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary effects) |
Blast-induced specific preinjury surgical procedures |
Description of any presurgical procedures specific to the blast-induced neurotrauma model |
Blast-induced specific postinjury surgical procedures |
Description of any postsurgical procedures specific to the blast-induced neurotrauma model |