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. 2020 Sep 30;11:541050. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.541050

Table 2.

Common data elements for preclinical blast research*.

Title Description
Blast-induced delivery device Device used to induce blast injury
Pressure wave type Friedlander wave is an instantaneous rise in pressure immediately followed by a decay curve; idealized blast in open space; can be reproduced in tube
Detonation type Material for open field explosions, blast tube explosions
Detonation material quantity Quantity of material used for open field explosions, blast tube explosions
Driver gas Gas used to generate overpressure in shock tube
Pressure wave medium Medium through which blast wave travels to reach target
Distance from detonation For open-field exposures
Blast tube or column area Area of the distal end of the blast tube/column or shock tube/column
Blast tube length Length of the blast tube; use when no membrane is used
Shock tube driven section length Length of the shock tube driven section; use when membrane present
Membrane/diaphragm thickness Thickness of membrane between driver and driven sections of shock tube
Membrane/diaphragm burst method Indicate whether membrane is punctured or allowed to rupture by gas pressure buildup in driver section of shock tube
Membrane/diaphragm burst pressure (shock tube) Pressure at which the membrane/diaphragm within the shock tube bursts
Tube end configuration Is the tube end “open” or “closed”
Placement of animal relative to shock tube Inside or outside the shock tube
Distance between the animal and the tube end Indicate how far animal is from the end of the shock or blast tube
Animal orientation to the blast wave Describe positioning of the animal relative to the blast wavefront
Overpressure peak (blast or shock) Incident pressure
Overpressure rise time A measure of how rapidly pressure changes from the ambient level to the maximum positive value, defined as the time required for pressure to increase from 10% to 90% of the maximum positive value
Overpressure wave duration (pulse width) Full width at half maximum amplitude
Impulse Integration of overpressure with respect to time
Reflective wave overpressure Pressure measured following reflection or dampening; overpressure following interference
Blast wind pressure The post-shock or blast wind is important in describing the complete blast wave
Pressure sensor orientation Location of pressure gauge needed to assess temporal, spatial characteristics of measured pressure
Pressure sensor type Indicate type of pressure sensor used to characterize, calibrate, and/or record pressure
Pressure sensor sampling frequency Pressure sensor sampling frequency
Incident pressure time history (image) Incident pressure time history (image)
Body exposure Designates whether whole body is exposed to pressure or is partially shielded
Protective shielding Location
Protective shielding type Nature of material used for shielding
Reflective surfaces (where and type) Indicates the presence and nature of reflective or dampening surfaces integrated into blast wave path
Primary blast effects Methodology employed to isolate primary blast effects from secondary, tertiary, or quaternary effects
Secondary blast effects type Secondary blast effects include the effects of any projectile, including fragments of debris, propelled by the blast that penetrates the skin. This may be modeled with a blast (primary blast effect) or in isolation to mimic the secondary blast effects associated with a blast. Cross reference with penetrating models of brain injury as appropriate
Secondary blast effects specifications Entered to further explain “secondary blast effect type.”
Tertiary blast effects type Tertiary blast effects describe when explosion propels body and brain is injured due to acceleration and/or impacts the ground or a surrounding object. For animal models, could be used to describe the head hitting the ground or object, or ground or object hitting head. For small objects, use secondary blast effects
Tertiary blast effects specifications Provide further explanation of methods used to induce tertiary injury and/or methodology to measure resultant forces or accelerations. Cross reference with blunt force and/or acceleration model CDEs as necessary. For head impact only (i.e., no blast), use appropriate CDE (e.g., weight drop model)
Quaternary blast effects Quaternary blast effects include toxic gas inhalation, thermal exposure, flash burns, microwave heating, electromagnetic fields
Systemic injury Measures of systemic inflammation/stress as a result of the blast (including primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary effects)
Extracranial injuries Injuries other than brain injury that occurs as a result of the blast (including primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary effects)
Blast-induced specific preinjury surgical procedures Description of any presurgical procedures specific to the blast-induced neurotrauma model
Blast-induced specific postinjury surgical procedures Description of any postsurgical procedures specific to the blast-induced neurotrauma model