TABLE 4.

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in nitrogen uptake, transport, and assimilation.

Name	NUE class	DEG count (current study)	NUE related effect	Host	References
AAT	Amino acid transporter	57	Important for early seed development	Arabidopsis	Schmidt et al., 2007
AMT	Ammonium transporter	5	Enhanced ammonium permeability improves growth and yield	Rice	Ranathunge et al., 2014
CAT	Cationic amino acid transporter	12	Involved in intracellular amino acid storage and mobilization	Arabidopsis	Yang H. et al., 2015
CLC	Chloride channel protein	14	Enhanced N assimilation and tolerance to stress	Oilseed rape	Liao et al., 2018
LHT	Lysine/histidine transporter	1	Disruption of LHT lead to growth inhibition and low yield	Rice	Wang X. et al., 2019
NRT	Nitrate transporter	36	Suppression of NO${}_3^{-}$-starvation-induced leaf senescence	Arabidopsis	Meng et al., 2016
OPT	Oligopeptide transporter	5	Essential for embryo development	Arabidopsis	Stacey et al., 2002
AGT	Alanine: glyoxylate aminotransferase	2	Catalyze transamination reaction in peroxisome	Arabidopsis	Liepman and Olsen, 2001
ASN	Asparagine synthetase	1	Regulation of plant development and tiller outgrowth	Rice	Lu et al., 2018
AspAT	Aspartate aminotransferase	5	Overexpression related to increase amino acid content in seed	Rice	Zhou et al., 2009
GDH	Glutamate dehydrogenase	3	Played important role in nitrogen metabolism and plant growth, and grain yield	Rice	Abiko et al., 2010
GOGAT	Glutamate synthase	3	Increased ammonium assimilation in root	Arabidopsis	Konishi et al., 2014
GS	Glutamine synthetase	7	Knockdown negatively affect plant growth, spikelet no., grain weight	Rice	Tabuchi et al., 2005
NR	Nitrate reductase	2	Increase lateral root formation under partial nitrate nutrition	Rice	Sun et al., 2015
NiR	Nitrite reductase	3	Increased nitrite assimilation	Arabidopsis	Takahashi et al., 2001
TS	Threonine synthase	3	Inhibition related to high methionine biosynthesis	Potato	Zeh et al., 2001
TrP	Tryptophan aminotransferase	3	Improved grain yield	Wheat	Shao et al., 2017
TAT	Tyrosine aminotransferase	1	Differentially expressed between low and high nitrogen treatments	Wheat	Current study
GDU	Glutamine dumper	2	Involved in export of amino acids	Arabidopsis	Pilot et al., 2004