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. 2020 Sep 4;21(18):6484. doi: 10.3390/ijms21186484

Table 2.

Examples of the epigenetic changes of chromatin and their influence on gene activity (from [11], modified).

Chromatin Modification Activation of Gene Transcription Deactivation of Gene Transcription
Promoter methylation
Methylation of cytosine in gene promoter no yes
Demethylation of cytosine in the promoter yes no
Histone modification
Acetyla-tion of histone amino acids residues H2A K5* yes no
H2B K5,K12,K15,K20 yes no
H3 K4,K14,K18,K23,K27 yes no
H4 K8, K16 yes no
Methy-lation of histone amino acid residues H3 K4, K79, R17 yes no
H3 K9, K27 no yes
H4 R3 yes no
H4 K20 no yes
Ubiquiti-nation of histones H2A K119 no yes
H2B K120 yes no

* K—lysine residue, R—arginine residue.