Table 2.
Examples of the epigenetic changes of chromatin and their influence on gene activity (from [11], modified).
Chromatin Modification | Activation of Gene Transcription | Deactivation of Gene Transcription | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Promoter methylation | ||||
Methylation of cytosine in gene promoter | no | yes | ||
Demethylation of cytosine in the promoter | yes | no | ||
Histone modification | ||||
Acetyla-tion of histone amino acids residues | H2A | K5* | yes | no |
H2B | K5,K12,K15,K20 | yes | no | |
H3 | K4,K14,K18,K23,K27 | yes | no | |
H4 | K8, K16 | yes | no | |
Methy-lation of histone amino acid residues | H3 | K4, K79, R17 | yes | no |
H3 | K9, K27 | no | yes | |
H4 | R3 | yes | no | |
H4 | K20 | no | yes | |
Ubiquiti-nation of histones | H2A | K119 | no | yes |
H2B | K120 | yes | no |
* K—lysine residue, R—arginine residue.