Table 1.
(A) Characteristics of the never smokers and current/ex-smokers who provided 2–3 repeated samples for screening analysis. Legend: *; numbers of smoked cigarettes per day X number of years smoked/20, CO, carbon monoxide, ppm, parts per million. (B) Characteristics of the never smokers and current/ex-smokers who provided three repeated samples for a validation. Legend: *, number of smoked cigarettes per day X number of years smoked/20, CO, carbon monoxide, ppm, parts per million.
| Analysed Group (Total Number of Samples, n) | Age (Years) Mean (Min.-Max.) | Sex (F:M) | Pack-Year Mean * (Min.-Max.) | Urine Cotinine (ng/mL) Mean (SD, Min.-Max.) | Exhaled CO (ppm) Mean (SD, Min.-Max.) | Urine Creatinine (mmol/l) (SD, Min.-Max.] |
| Never smokers (6) | 54 (39–83) | 3:3 | 0 | <10 | 0 | 10.81 (4.88, 2.34–15.66) |
| Current smokers (10) | 48 (27–73) | 2:8 | 29 (7–83) | 6140 (3184, 1325–11,712) | 12.4 (7.183, 1.000–25.000) |
12.86 (7.50, 2.69–29.89) |
| Short-term successful ex-smokers (10) | 48 (27–73) | 2:8 | 29 (7–83) | 684 (1346, 10–4359) | 0.400 (1.265, 0.000–4.000) |
11.96 (7.99, 2.22–25.53) |
| Long-term successful ex-smokers (7) | 46 (27–67) | 2:5 | 33 (7–83) | 20 (16, 10–54) | 0.286 (0.488, 0.000–1.000) |
12.88 (5.11, 3.48–18.65) |
| Analysed Group (Total Number of Samples, n) | Age (Years) Mean (Min.-Max.) | Sex (F:M) | Pack-Year * Mean (Min.-Max.) | Urine Cotinine (ng/mL) Mean (SD, Min.-Max.) | Exhaled CO (ppm) Mean (SD, Min.-Max.) | Urine Creatinine (mmol/l) (SD, Min.-Max.) |
| Never smokers (18) | 50 (38–83) | 9:9 | 0 | <10 | 0 | 10.81 (4.88, 2.34–15.66) |
| Current smokers (25) | 47 (25–69) | 10:15 | 35 (5–170) | 4851 (2689, 736–11,712) | 8.857 (6.139, 1.000–25.000) |
10.71 (7.95, 2.05–29.89) |
| Short-term successful ex-smokers (25) | 47 (25–69) | 10:15 | 35 (5–170) | 546 (875, 12–3285) | 0.286 (0.810, 0.000–4.000) |
9.69 (5.74, 2.22–22.54) |
| Long-term successful ex-smokers (25) | 47 (25–69) | 10:15 | 35 (5–170) | 24 (15, 14–54) | 0.107 (0.315, 0.000–1.000) |
12.87 (4.36, 3.48– 8.65) |