| WHO | World Health Organization |
| ROS | Reactive Oxygen Species |
| O2•− | superoxide anion |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| HO• | hydroxyl radical |
| CAT | catalase |
| SOD | superoxide dismutase |
| Trx | thioredoxin |
| GPx | glutathione peroxidase |
| GR | glutathione reductase |
| O2 | molecular oxygen |
| ACE2 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| AΤ-ΙΙ | Angiotensin 2 |
| AΤ-1,7 | Angiotensin 1,7 |
| NADPH oxidase | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase |
| SARS-CoV | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus |
| SARS-CoV-2 | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 |
| GSH | reduced Glutathione |
| GSSG | Oxidized Glutathione |
| H2O2 | hydrogen peroxide |
| NO | Nitric Oxide |
| PMNs | Polymorphonuclear cells |
| IL-6 | Interleukin 6 |
| ICU | intensive care unit |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease 2019 |
| COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| CVD | cardiovascular disease |
| G6PD | Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency |
| ECD | endothelial cell dysfunction |
| NAC | N-acetylcysteine |
| Nrf2 | nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 |
| KEAP1 | Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 |
| ARE | Antioxidant response element |
| ecSOD | Extracellular superoxide dismutase |
| TBARS | Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor-κB |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| SIRT | Sirtuins |
| FoxO | Forkhead box O |
| BDNF | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor |
| TNFα | Tumor necrosis factor alpha |
| C-RP | c-reactive protein |
| SP-A | surfactant protein-A |
| SP-A1 | surfactant protein-A1 |
| SP-A2 | surfactant protein-A2 |
| OxS | oxidative stress |
| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus |