ACF	Aberrant crypt foci
AOM	Azoxymethane
ARE	Antioxidant response element
Bax	B-cell lymphoma-2-like protein 4
Bcl-2	B-cell lymphoma-2
C3G	Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside
CDKs	Cyclin-dependent kinases
COX	Cyclooxygenase
CRC	Colorectal cancer
DNA	Deoxyribose nucleic acid
DSS	Dextran sulfate sodium
ESCC	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
FAP	Familial adenomatous polyposis
GI	Gastrointestinal
GSH	Glutathione-s-transferase
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
IFN-γ	Interferon-gamma
IIR	Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion
IL	Interleukin
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MMP	Matrix metalloproteinase
NF-κB	Nuclear factor-kappa B
NO	Nitrogen oxide
Nrf-2	Nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2
OIN	Oral intraepithelial neoplasia
PCA	protocatechuic acid
RNI	Reactive nitrogen intermediates
RNS	Reactive nitrogen species
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SCC	Squamous cell carcinoma
TJ	Tight junction
TNF -α	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
ΔΨm	Mitochondrial membrane potential