Table 1.

Major pigments in plants that impart color to floral petals.

Pigment	Class	Structure	Compound	References
Carotenoids	Carotenes		Lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene, γ-carotene, etc.	[10]
	Xanthophylls		Lutein, zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, etc.	[10]
Flavanoids	Chalcones		Chalconaringenin, arbutin, phloretin, phloridzin	[11]
	Flavanones		Naringenin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, homoeriodictyol	[11]
	Flavones		Apigenin, luteolin, tangeritin	[11]
	Flavanonols		Taxifolin, dihydrokaempferol	[11]
	Flavonols		Quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin	[11]
	Flavanols		Catechin, epicatechin, apiforol, lueoforol	[11]
	Anthocyanins		Cyanidin, pelargonidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, petunidin, etc.	[13]