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. 2020 Sep 15;9(9):1302. doi: 10.3390/foods9091302

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Health implications of donkey milk consumption due to bioactive proteins and peptides; the main ten health properties are listed, outlining the references and mechanisms of bioactive proteins/peptides involved in: 1. Low allergenicity [3,5,67,68]; 2. Anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-protozoa activity [5,32,42,43,44,57,69,70]; 3. Regulation of iron homoeostasis [5]; 4. Anti-inflammatory and regulator of immune system, neonatal acquisition of passive immunity, immunosenescence [5,20,71,72]; 5. Anti-hypertensive activity [5,73,74,75]; 6. Anti-diabetic activity [76]; 7. Protection against cancer development [5,77,78]; 8. Stimulate development [5,68]; 9. Anti-stress, anti-oxidant effects [5,25,65,76]; 10. Stimulate bone mineralization [5,68,79]. Abbreviations: CMPA—cow milk protein allergy, LPS A—lipopolysaccharide A, Pck1—phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1, G6PC—glucose-6-phosphatase.