Chronic ethanol intoxication of wild-type (WT) and ALDH2*2 KI mice. (A) Representative Western blot and (B) quantification relative to GAPDH of 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (4-HNE) production in mice hearts with the indicated genotypes before chronic ethanol intoxication. (C) Body weight (BW) and (D) ratio of heart weight (HW) and BW of WT and ALDH2*2 KI mice treated with a liquid diet containing 5% ethanol with and without Alda-1 (20 mg/kg per day) for 10 days, then a single dose of ethanol (5 g/kg BW, 20% ethanol) at day 11. (E) Representative Western blot and (F) quantification relative to GAPDH of 4-HNE production in mice hearts with the indicated genotypes after chronic ethanol intoxication. Each value represents the mean ± SE of at least three independent experiments. KI, heterozygous and homozygous ALDH2*2 KI mice; EtOH, ethanol; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.