Attempted complementation of an E. coli ΔthiG strain by TaTHI4 using components of the EvolvR system. E. coli ΔthiG cells harboring the pCDFDuet-placO vector alone (pEv) or containing the TaTHI4 (pTaTHI4) gene were cultured in MOPS minimal medium containing 0.2% (w/v) glycerol, 1 mM IPTG, and 1 mM cysteine with 100 nM thiamin (A) or without thiamin (C). ΔthiG cells harboring both pEvolvR and pEv or pTaTHI4 were cultured in MOPS minimal medium plus glycerol, cysteine, and IPTG as above, with 100 nM thiamin (B) or without thiamin (D). Values are means ± standard error (SE) of three independent replicates. Where no error bars appear, they are smaller than the symbol.