Table 7.
Cerebrospinal fluid findings in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Values with alterations in >10% are marked in bold, parameters with changes in >5% are written in bold and italics.
| Patients with SSDs (N = 48) | |
|---|---|
| CSF basic analyses | |
| WBC count (mean ± SD) | 1.38 ± 0.67 |
| Increased WBC count (ref. < 5/µL) | 0↑ (0%), 48 normal (100%) |
| Protein (mean ± SD) | 553.18 ± 401.82 (N = 45) |
| Increased protein (ref. < 450 mg/L) | 25↑ (56%), 20 normal (44%) |
| Albumin quotient (mean ± SD) | 6.14 ± 5.39 |
| Increased albumin quotient (references: <40 years: < 6.5 × 10−3; 40–60 years: < 8 × 10−3; >60 years: < 9.3 × 10−3) | 10↑ (21%), 38 normal (79%) |
| IgG index (mean ± SD) | 0.52 ± 0.09 |
| Number of patients with increased IgG indices (ref. < 0.7 mg/L) | 2↑ (4%), 46 normal (96%) |
| Oligoclonal bands in CSF | 47 negative (98%), 1 positive (2%) |
| Oligoclonal bands in serum | 48 negative (100%), 0 positive (0%) |
| Lactate (mean ± SD) | 1.60 ± 0.29 (N = 40) |
| Increased lactate (ref. 16–50 years: 1.5–2.1 mmol/L; >51 years 1.7–2.6 mmol/L) | 18↓ (45%), 0↑ (0%), 22 normal (55%) |
| CSF overall alterations (without decreased lactate levels) | 26/48 (54%) |
| Established antineuronal antibodies | |
| Antibodies against established cell surface antigens (LGI1, CASPR2, GABA B, NMDA, AMPA 1 and AMPA 2, DPPX) | 47 negative (100%), 0 positive (0%) (N = 47) |