Figure 2.

Set-up phases of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T-cell (CAR-T) EV engineering. 1. T cells undergo collection through positive or negative selection methods from cancer patients’ peripheral blood sample. 2. T cells are transfected with CARs through viral or non-viral transfection technology. 3. CAR-engineered T cells are ex vivo expanded in the presence of IL-2. 4. CAR-T cell-derived EV undergo isolation. 5. EV can be re-infused in the patient after chemotherapy preconditioning.