Table 2.

Major benefits and drawbacks of EV treatment approaches.

Advantages and Features	Drawbacks & Issues to be Solved
Easy to use	Standardized isolation methods
Useful as biomarkers for prognostic and diagnostic purposes	Relative low loading capacity for proteins and nucleic acids
Smoothly overcome the blood brain barrier	Fine-tuning potency tests
Detectable in different biological fluids	Scalability
Confer nucleic acids (RNA) stability	The best cell source(s) to be identified
Potentially exploitable as liquid biopsy (circulating-EV)	Establish the timing and dose to use
Exploitable for specific therapeutic purposes upon engineering	Evaluate their efficacy as autologous or heterologous source