Table 1.
Study characteristics of randomized trials (RCTs).
| Author and (Year) | Study Design | Data Collection Period | Study Location | Patients Included in Intervention Group(s) (n) | Mean Age | Intervention | Control/Comparator |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abt (2018) [7] | open-label RCT | Feb 2014–May 2017 | Switzerland | 48 | 65.7 | PAE with 250–400 µm Embozene® | TURP |
| Bilhim (2013) [22] | single-blind RCT | May 2011–Dec 2011 | Portugal | 80 | 63.9 | PAE with 80–180 µm or 180–300 µm particles | |
| Bilhim (2019) [23] | single-blind RCT | Nov 2017–Nov 2018 | Portugal | 84 | 67.3 cPAE; 65.8 bPAE | cPAE, bPAE (both with with 300–500 µm Embosphere®) | |
| Carnevale (2016) [6] | open-label RCT | Nov 2010–Dec 2012 | Brazil | 15 | 60.4 | PAE PErFecTED with 300–500 µm Embosphere® | original PAE and TURP |
| Gao (2014) [5] | open-label RCT | Jan 2007–Jan 2012 | China | 54 | 67.7 | PAE with 355–500 µm Ivalon® | TURP |
| Torres (2019) [24] | open-label RCT | Jul 2015–Dec 2016 | Portugal | 137 | 66.1 | PAE (3 groups: 100–300 µm, 300–500 µm, and 100–300 followed by 300–500 µm microspheres) | |
| Wang (2018) [25] | double-blind RCT | Jan 2010–Oct 2015 | China | 110 | 69.5 | PAE (2 groups: 50 µm followed by 100 µm and 100 µm spheres alone) |
bPAE, balloon-occlusion prostatic artery embolization; cPAE, conventional microcatheter prostatic artery embolization; PAE, prostatic artery embolization; PErFecTED, proximal embolization first then embolize distant; TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate.