| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| TCA | trichloro acetic acid |
| AU-PAGE | acid-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis |
| EMSA | electrophoretic mobility shift assays |
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| TEB | Tris-Borate-EDTA |
| SNBP | sperm nuclear basic protein |
| pDNA | plasmid DNA |
| DTT | dithiothreitol |
| L-group | man living in the low environmental impact areas |
| CP/Hr | canonical protamines/histones ratio |
| nCP/Hr | not canonical protamines/histones ratio |
| only-H | only histones and other basic proteins |
| TAC | total antioxidant capacity |
| GSH | glutathione |
| GSSG | oxidized glutathione |
| SC | sperm concentration |
| TSC | total sperm count |
| ICSI | intracytoplasmic sperm injection |