Table 1.
Proximate compositions of some species of Dioscorea.
| Species | Proximate Composition (Percentage, %) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moisture | Crude Protein | Crude Fat | Crude Fiber | Ash | Starch | Reference | |
| D. alata | 64.9–87.8 | 0.6–18.7 | 0.23–5.28 | 0.75–11.0 | 0.69–8.81 | 15.6–84.3 | [35,36,37,39,42,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59] |
| D. abyssinica | NR | 3.13–5.37 | 0.31–1.22 | 1.94–4.91 | 2.31–3.58 | NR | [36] |
| D. bulbifera | 61.6–92.5 | 0.89–15.8 | 0.30–8.13 | 0.61–18.2 | 0.05–8.15 | 12.5–62.7 | [36,37,39,42,43,47,51,58,60,61,62,63,64,65,66] |
| D. cayenensis | 62.2–89.4 | 2.62–6.63 | 0.27–7.86 | 0.17–3.26 | 0.63–5.48 | 80.75 | [36,37,42,48,58,60,67] |
| D. delicata | 92.7 | 0.41 | NR | 4.87 | NR | 0.54 | [37] |
| D. deltoidea | 80.2 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0.6 | NR | [65] |
| D. dodecaneura | 68.4 | 1.50 | NR | NR | NR | 18.46 | [37] |
| D. dumetorum | 64.3–90.2 | 0.19–10.3 | 0.37–3.65 | 0.82–5.65 | 2.17–7.79 | 17.0–63.34 | [37,42,49,50,60,61,68,69,70,71] |
| D. esculenta | 50.65–86.67 | 5.60 –10.50 | 0.08–2.58 | 1.23–7.82 | 0.25–8.50 | 17.25 | [37,39,42,48,51,72] |
| D. fordii | NR | 9.8–10.2 | NR | 0.92–1.14 | NR | 75.7–77.1 | [35] |
| D. hamiltonii | 78.73 | 4.37 | 10.2 | 4.15 | 8.70 | NR | [38] |
| D. hispida | 15.8–37.8 | 1.13–6.20 | 1.99–9.36 | NR | 0.29–1.24 | 11.5 | [32] |
| D. laxiflora | 82.0 | 0.26 | NR | 2.34 | NR | 8.92 | [37] |
| D. nipponica | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 35.4 | [47] |
| D. olfersiana | 84.6 | 0.42 | NR | 9.53 | NR | 0.54 | [37] |
| D. oppositifolia | 78.5–92.1 | 7.00–13.54 | 4.40–7.42 | 4.92–8.47 | 2.60–6.38 | NR | [38,39,51] |
| D. pentaphylla | 90.1–93.1 | 6.48–9.18 | 4.01–6.24 | 5.14–7.24 | 3.36–4.64 | NR | [38,39,51] |
| D. persimilis | NR | 7.70–8.20 | NR | 0.88–0.92 | NR | 68.2–72.2 | [35] |
| D. piperifolia | 55.4–74.8 | 2.27–4.38 | NR | NR | NR | 18.2–26.1 | [37] |
| D. polystachya | NR | 6.30–12.2 | NR | 0.99–1.50 | NR | 60.7–72.5 | [35,47] |
| D. praehensilis | 64.1 | 3.64–5.38 | 0.26–7.83 | 1.41–3.21 | 2.13–4.90 | NR | [36,42] |
| D. pyrifolia | NR | 1.34 | NR | NR | 0.88 | NR | [73] |
| D. remotiflora | 78.18 | 1.91 | 0.47 | 1.22 | 0.85 | NR | [74] |
| D. rotundata | 54.5–75.2 | 0.09–8.28 | 0.09–3.39 | 0.41–4.33 | 1.03–4.92 | 22.0–80.8 | [36,37,42,48,49,52,58,72,75,76,77,78,79] |
| D. sanpaulesis | 69.2 | 0.77 | NR | 10.3 | NR | 2.62 | [37] |
| D. sinuata | 75.6 | 2.32 | NR | NR | NR | 8.00 | [37] |
| D. spicata | 81.5–89.3 | 6.38–8.20 | 3.26–4.78 | 4.67–6.31 | 5.18–5.20 | NR | [38,51] |
| D. steriscus | 72.5 | 0.83 | NR | 16.8 | 2.06 | 9.02 | [80] |
| D. subhastata | 89.0 | 0.59 | NR | 0.95 | NR | 3.69 | [37] |
| D. tomentosa | 84.5–93.7 | 5.25–9.54 | 2.86–6.84 | 3.21–4.38 | 2.48–6.53 | NR | [38,39,51] |
| D. trifida | 69.4–81.3 | 0.38–6.79 | 0.03–0.30 | NR | 0.2–3.37 | 7.94–64.0 | [37,48,81,82] |
| D. triphylla | 76.9 | 2.3 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.6 | NR | [65] |
| D. versicolor | 80.1 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 | NR | [65] |
| D. villosa | 76.4 | 2.21 | 6.01 | 3.50 | 3.13 | NR | [83] |
| D. wallichi | 71.1–76.4 | 10.5–10.8 | 1.18–3.34 | 7.48–9.23 | 6.36–8.42 | NR | [39,51] |
D. polystachya: Chinese yam formerly known as D. opposita and D. batatas, NR: not reported.