Table 3.
Bioactive compound profile of yam (Dioscorea species).
| Species | Phytochemicals | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| D. alata | Phenolics, phenol, flavonoid, flavonol, phytates/phytic acid, saponin, oxalates, alkaloid, tannins, allantoin, dioscin, diosgenin, dioscorin, hydrogen cyanide | [35,42,46,48,51,54,58,59,99,123] |
| D. bulbifera | Carotenoid, phenolics, phenol, polyphenol, flavonoid, terpenoid, saponin, steroid, alkaloid, tannins, phytates/phytic acid, oxalates, hydrogen cyanide | [29,42,51,56,58,62,63,64,99,123,124] |
| D. belophylla | Saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and phenols | [125] |
| D. cayenensis | Phenolics, phenol, saponin, alkaloid, tannins, phytates/phytic acid, oxalates, dioscin | [29,42,48,58,67,99,126] |
| D. deltoida | Polyphenol | [29] |
| D. dumetorum | Phenols, flavonoid, alkaloid, tannins, phytates/phytic acid, oxalates, dioscorine | [42,70,99,127] |
| D. esculenta | Phenolics, tannins, phytates/phytic acid, oxalates, hydrogen cyanide | [42,48,51] |
| D. fordii | Allantoin, dioscin | [35] |
| D. glabra | Phenol, flavonoid | [123] |
| D. hamiltonii | Phenol, flavonoid | [123] |
| D. hirtiflora | Phenol, flavonoid | [127,128] |
| D. hirsute | Dioscorine | [128] |
| D. hispida | Dioscorine, phenol, flavonoid | [123] |
| D. japonica | Phenols, flavonoilds, glycans | [129,130] |
| D. mangenotiana | dioscin | [126] |
| D. oppositifolia | Phenolics, phenol, flavonoid, tannins, oxalates, hydrogen cyanide | [38,51,123] |
| D. panthaica | Saponins | [131] |
| D. persimilis | Allantoin, dioscin | [35] |
| D. pentaphylla | Phenolics, tannins, oxalates, hydrogen cyanide, phenol, flavonoid | [38,51,123] |
| D. polystachya | Flavones, polyphenols, allantoin, dioscin | [35,132] |
| D. praehensalis | Tannins, phytates/phytic acid, oxalates, | [42] |
| D. preussii | Saponins | [133] |
| D. pubera | Phenol, flavonoid | [123] |
| D. rotundata | Phenolics, phenol, tannins, phytates/phytic acid, oxalates, saponin, alkaloid, hydrocyanatem dioscin | [42,48,58,75,77,79,99,126] |
| D. sansibarensis | Dioscorine | [128] |
| D. spicata | Phenolics, tannins, oxalates, hydrogen cyanide | [38,51] |
| D. tomentosa | Phenolics, tannins, oxalates, hydrogen cyanide | [38,51] |
| D. trifida | Phenolics | [48] |
| D. triphylla | Polyphenol | [29] |
| D. versicolor | Polyphenol | [29] |
| D. villosa | Flavonoid, phenol, saponin, alkaloid, tannins, Phytates/ Phytic acid, oxalates | [84] |
| D. wallichi | Phenolics, tannins, oxalates, hydrogen cyanide, phenol, flavonoid | [51,123] |
D. polystachya: Chinese yam formerly known as D. opposita and D. batatas, NR: not reported.