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. 2020 Sep 21;9(9):895. doi: 10.3390/antiox9090895

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Neuroprotective effect of ethyl acetate extract of Ribes diacanthum Pall (RDP) on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in HT-22 cells. (A) and (B) Cell viability, (C) morphology change in (a) vehicle control and cells treated with (b) glutamate 5 mM; (c) glutamate 5 mM + RDP 5 μg/mL; (d) glutamate 5 mM + RDP 10 μg/mL; (e) glutamate 5 mM + RDP 25 μg/mL, and (f) glutamate 5 mM + RDP 50 μg/mL. (D) Intracellular ROS levels. HT-22 cells were seeded at 3 × 103 cell/well for 24 h. Then, the cells were treated with glutamate in the presence or absence of varying concentrations (0–50 μg/mL) of RDP for 12 h. Cell viability was measured using the EZ-Cytox Cell Viability Assay Kit. All data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. The results were calculated as a percentage of the values obtained for control cells. * p < 0.05, and ** p < 0.01 versus vehicle control; ## p < 0.01 versus glutamate-treated group–indicates absence.