| MDPI | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
| DOAJ | Directory of open access journals |
| IGF1 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| TSH | Thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| OFs | Orbital fibroblasts |
| IGF1Rs | IGF1 receptors |
| GO | Graves’ orbitopathy |
| TSHR | TSH receptor |
| IGF1RAbs | IGF1R antibodies |
| GPCRs | G protein-coupled receptors |
| RTKs | Receptor tyrosine kinases |
| TSAbs | Stimulating TSHR autoantibodies |
| GOFs | Graves’ orbital fibroblasts |
| GO-Igs | Immunoglobulins from GO patients |
| HA | Hyaluronan, hyaluronic acid |
| MAPK or ERK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 |
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