Table 6.
Associations between urinary 1-hydroxyphenanthrene and hypertension by gender and smoking status.
| Potential covariate | 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene | Adjusted odds ratioa | 95% confidence interval | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gendera | ||||
| Men (n = 3187) | ≤ 25th percentile | 1 (Reference) | ||
| 25–50th percentile | 1.368 | 0.834–2.243 | 0.214 | |
| 50–75th percentile | 2.198 | 1.325–3.649 | 0.002 | |
| > 75th percentile | 1.991 | 1.183–3.350 | 0.010 | |
| Women (n = 3291) | ≤ 25th percentile | 1 (Reference) | ||
| 25–50th percentile | 1.219 | 0.720–2.062 | 0.460 | |
| 50–75th percentile | 1.185 | 0.723–1.945 | 0.500 | |
| > 75th percentile | 1.207 | 0.780–1.869 | 0.397 | |
| Smoking statusb | ||||
| Nonsmoker (n = 4064) | ≤ 25th percentile | 1 (Reference) | ||
| 25–50th percentile | 1.400 | 0.873–2.245 | 0.163 | |
| 50–75th percentile | 1.437 | 0.905–2.281 | 0.124 | |
| > 75th percentile | 1.509 | 0.985–2.311 | 0.058 | |
| Ex-smoker (n = 1022) | ≤ 25th percentile | 1 (Reference) | ||
| 25–50th percentile | 1.030 | 0.547–1.940 | 0.927 | |
| 50–75th percentile | 2.282 | 1.093–4.762 | 0.028 | |
| > 75th percentile | 1.279 | 0.664–2.465 | 0.461 | |
| Current smoker (n = 1392) | ≤ 25th percentile | 1 (Reference) | ||
| 25–50th percentile | 1.468 | 0.361–5.965 | 0.591 | |
| 50–75th percentile | 2.041 | 0.566–7.351 | 0.274 | |
| > 75th percentile | 2.145 | 0.600–7.662 | 0.239 | |
aAdjusted for age, BMI, smoking status, and drinking status.
bAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, and drinking status.