Effects of water extract of A. rugosa (WEAR) on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Sham or OVX mice were treated with vehicle or WEAR for 5 weeks. (A) Alteration of body weight gain and uterine weight. (B) µ-CT images, trabecular bone mineral density (BMD), and bone morphometric analysis of the trabecular bone. (C) Histopathological images of the distal femur by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining (scale bar, 100 µm) and the fat area in the bone marrow. OVX, ovariectomized mice; WEAR-L, OVX mice fed WEAR 100 mg/kg/day; WEAR-H, OVX mice fed WEAR 300 mg/kg/day; BMD, trabecular bone mineral density; BV/TV, bone volume per tissue volume; Tb.N, trabecular number; Tb.Sp, trabecular separation; Tb.Th, trabecular thickness. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs. the OVX group.